metabolite
me·tab·o·lite
M0243600 (mĭ-tăb′ə-līt′)metabolite
(mɪˈtæbəˌlaɪt)me•tab•o•lite
(məˈtæb əˌlaɪt)n.
| Noun | 1. |  metabolite - any substance involved in metabolism (either as a product of metabolism or as necessary for metabolism) |
| 单词 | metabolite | |||
| 释义 | metaboliteme·tab·o·liteM0243600 (mĭ-tăb′ə-līt′)metabolite(mɪˈtæbəˌlaɪt)me•tab•o•lite(məˈtæb əˌlaɪt)n.
metabolitemetabolite,organic compound that is a starting material in, an intermediate in, or an end product of metabolismmetabolism,sum of all biochemical processes involved in life. Two subcategories of metabolism are anabolism, the building up of complex organic molecules from simpler precursors, and catabolism, the breakdown of complex substances into simpler molecules, often accompanied by ..... Click the link for more information. . Starting materials are substances, usually small and of simple structure, absorbed by the organism as food. These include the vitamins and essential amino acids. They can be used to construct more complex molecules, or they can be broken down into simpler ones. Intermediary metabolites are by far the most common; they may be synthesized from other metabolites, perhaps used to make more complex substances, or broken down into simpler compounds, often with the release of chemical energy. For example, glucose, perhaps the single most important metabolite, can be synthesized in a process called gluconeogenesis, can be polymerized to form starch or glycogen, and can be broken down during glycolysis in order to obtain chemical energy. End products of metabolism are the final result of the breakdown of other metabolites and are excreted from the organism without further change; they usually cannot be used to synthesize other metabolites. Urea, for example, is an end product of protein degradation in man, the other primates, and the Dalmatian dog. Carbon dioxide is usually thought of as an end product of carbohydrate, protein, and fat degradation in aerobic organisms, although technically, carbon dioxide, as carbonic acid, can participate in the biosynthesis of some substances, particularly in plants. Complex substances such as proteins, although end products of a synthetic process, can almost always be broken down again and are usually not considered to be true end products of metabolism. A compound that closely resembles a metabolite in molecular structure but is metabolically inactive is called an antimetabolite; such a substance is often used as a drug in the treatment of malignant disease. When introduced into the body, it is mistaken by the cell for the metabolite it simulates, thus preventing the cell from using the genuine substance necessary to its life and growth. It is difficult to design molecules so that they will be metabolic poisons for malignant cells and not for normal cells as well. Folic acid (see coenzymecoenzyme , any one of a group of relatively small organic molecules required for the catalytic function of certain enzymes. A coenzyme may either be attached by covalent bonds to a particular enzyme or exist freely in solution, but in either case it participates intimately in ..... Click the link for more information. ) antagonists such as aminopterin and methotrexate are used in the treatment of leukemiasleukemia , cancerous disorder of the blood-forming tissues (bone marrow, lymphatics, liver, spleen) characterized by excessive production of immature or mature leukocytes (white blood cells; see blood) and consequently a crowding-out of red blood cells and platelets. ..... Click the link for more information. and other neoplastic diseases. The purine antagonist mercaptopurine is also used for the treatment of acute leukemia, while azathioprine (Imuran) is used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs. Pyrimidine antagonists used in cancer chemotherapy include fluorouracil and fluorodeoxyuridine. Most of the agents are designed to halt cell division in rapidly dividing malignant cells by the disruption of the metabolism of purines and pyrimidines, two classes of compounds necessary for nucleic acidnucleic acid, any of a group of organic substances found in the chromosomes of living cells and viruses that play a central role in the storage and replication of hereditary information and in the expression of this information through protein synthesis. ..... Click the link for more information. synthesis and hence necessary for cell division. metabolite[mə′tab·ə‚līt]metabolitemetabolite[mĕ-tab´o-līt]me·tab·o·lite(mĕ-tab'ō-līt),metabolite(mĭ-tăb′ə-līt′)metabolitePhysiologyAny substance synthesised or modified by a metabolic process, often understood to mean an intermediate or final product in the breakdown from a parent molecule. Therapeutics The transformation of a drug following its metabolism in the body, which results in a different molecule that may be more or less active than the parent drug. me·tab·o·lite(mĕ-tab'ŏ-līt)metaboliteAny substance involved in METABOLISM either as a constituent, a product or a byproduct.metaboliteany substance used in or a product of METABOLISM.metabolite
Words related to metabolite
|
|||
| 随便看 |
|
英语词典包含2567994条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。