单词 | linezolid |
释义 | linezolidlinezolidlinezolid[lĭ-nez´o-lid]linezolidPharmacologic class: Oxazolidinone Therapeutic class: Anti-infective Pregnancy risk category C ActionSelectively binds to bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA of 50S subunit, preventing formation of essential component of bacterial protein synthesis. Bacteriostatic or bactericidal against gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. AvailabilityInjection: 2 mg/ml Powder for oral suspension: 100 mg/5 ml Tablets: 400 mg, 600 mg Indications and dosages➣ Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections Adults and children ages 12 and older: 600 mg P.O. or I.V. infusion q 12 hours for 14 to 28 days Children from birth to age 11: 10 mg/kg I.V. q 8 hours for 14 to 28 days ➣ Nosocomial pneumonia; community-acquired pneumonia; complicated skin and skin-structure infections Adults and children ages 12 and older: 600 mg P.O. or I.V. infusion q 12 hours for 10 to 14 days Children from birth to age 11: 10 mg/kg P.O. or I.V. q 8 hours for 10 to 14 days ➣ Uncomplicated skin and soft-tissue infections Adults: 400 mg P.O. q 12 hours for 10 to 14 days Adolescents: 600 mg P.O. or I.V. q 12 hours for 10 to 14 days Children ages 5 to 11: 10 mg/kg P.O. or I.V. q 12 hours for 10 to 14 days Children younger than age 5: 10 mg/kg P.O. or I.V. q 8 hours for 10 to 14 days Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug or its components PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • hepatic dysfunction, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, bone marrow depression, pseudomembranous colitis • phenylketonuria (oral suspension only) • pregnant or breastfeeding patients. Administration• Give oral drug with or without food. • For I.V. injection, use single-use, ready-to-use infusion bag. Check for particulate matter before giving. Infuse over 30 minutes to 2 hours. • For I.V. infusion, mix with dextrose 5% in water, normal saline solution, or lactated Ringer's injection. • Flush I.V. line before and after administering, to avoid incompatibilities. ![]() Adverse reactionsCNS: anxiety, confusion, difficulty speaking, dizziness, hallucinations, lethargy, paresthesia, light-headedness, fatigue, drowsiness, headache, seizures GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastritis, anorexia, dry mouth, pseudomembranous colitis Hematologic: thrombocytopenia Skin: rash, photosensitivity, diaphoresis Other: fever, fungal infections InteractionsDrug-drug. Antiplatelet drugs (such as aspirin, dipyridamole, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs): increased bleeding risk MAO inhibitors, pseudoephedrine: increased risk of hypertension and associated adverse effects Serotonergics: serotonin syndrome Drug-diagnostic tests. Prothrombin time: altered Drug-food. Tyramine-containing foods and beverages (such as beer; Chianti and certain other red wines; aged cheese; bananas; aged, cured, or spoiled meats; salted herring and other dried fish; avocado; bean curd; red plums; soy sauce; spinach; tofu, tomatoes; yeast): hypertension Patient monitoring• Monitor neurologic status. Institute safety measures as needed to prevent injury. • Check I.V. site for infiltration. See Watch for bleeding and signs and symptoms of other adverse reactions (especially pseudomembranous colitis). • Monitor CBC, coagulation studies, and culture and sensitivity tests. Patient teaching• Tell patient he may take with or without food, but should avoid foods containing tyramine. See Tell patient to promptly report bleeding or severe diarrhea. • Instruct patient to minimize adverse GI effects by eating small, frequent servings of healthy food. • Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration and alertness. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, and foods mentioned above. linezolidInfectious disease An oxazolidinone antimicrobial in trials for gram-positive bacteria, possibly for managing VRE. See Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. |
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