orthogenesis

enUK

or·tho·gen·e·sis

O0129700 (ôr′thō-jĕn′ĭ-sĭs)n.1. Biology The hypothesis, now largely discredited, that the evolution of species is linear and driven largely by internal factors rather than by natural selection.2. Anthropology The hypothesis that all cultures evolve in a linear manner from primitivism to civilization.

or′tho·ge·net′ic (-jə-nĕt′ĭk) adj.or′tho·ge·net′i·cal·ly adv.

orthogenesis

(ˌɔːθəʊˈdʒɛnɪsɪs) n1. (Biology) biology a. evolution of a group of organisms predetermined to occur in a particular directionb. the theory that proposes such a development2. (Sociology) the theory that there is a series of stages through which all cultures pass in the same order orthogenetic adj ˌorthogeˈnetically adv

or•tho•gen•e•sis

(ˌɔr θoʊˈdʒɛn ə sɪs)

n. 1. a. evolution of a species proceeding by continuous structural changes without presenting a branching pattern of descent. b. a theory that such evolution of a species is due to a predetermined series of alterations and not subject to natural selection. 2. a hypothetical parallelism between the stages through which every culture necessarily passes in spite of secondary conditioning factors. [1890–95] or`tho•ge•net′ic (-dʒəˈnɛt ɪk) adj.

orthogenesis

progressive evolution, leading to the development of a new form, as can be seen through successive generations. See also society. — orthogenetic, adj.See also: Biology

progressive evolution, leading to the development of a new form, as can be seen through successive generations. See also society. — orthogenetic, adj.See also: Evolution

the sociological theory that all cultures or societies follow the same fixed course of determinate evolution. See also evolution. — orthogenetic, adj.See also: Society

Translations

Orthogenesis

orthogenesis

[‚ȯr·thə′jen·ə·səs] (evolution) A unidirectional evolutionary change among a related group of animals.

Orthogenesis

the hypothesis that evolution proceeds directly toward higher adaptive states.

Orthogenesis is rooted in the views of J. B. Lamarck. The German scientists W. Haacke, who introduced the term “orthogenesis,” and G. H. T. Eimer, who used this term extensively, proceeded from the mechanistic Lamarckian position that the direction of evolution is controlled by the immediate influence of the environment and that the internal organization of an individual can change only in certain set directions. Subsequently, “orthogenesis” was often used to describe evolution as being controlled by an internal driving force as well as by the immediate influence of the environment.

Modern evolutionary theory, according to which the direction of evolution is a result of natural selection, usually contradicts the concept of orthogenesis. Although linearity is a feature of evolutionary change, modern theory attributes it to limitations imposed on the structural features of the organism; linearity essentially is the result of natural selection in past generations. (See AUTOGENESIS, LAMARCKISM.)

REFERENCES

Simpson, G. G. Tempy i formy evoliutsii. Moscow, 1948. (Translated from English.)
Shmal’gauzen, I. I. Problemy darvinizma, 2nd ed. Leningrad, 1969.
Haacke, W. Gestaltung und Vererbung, Leipzig, 1893.
Eimer, G. H. T. Die Entstehung der Arten. part 2: Die Orthogenesis der Schmetterlinge. Leipzig, 1897.

A. V. IABLOKOV

orthogenesis

or·tho·gen·e·sis

(ōr'thō-jen'ĕ-sis), The doctrine that evolution is governed by intrinsic factors and occurs in predictable directions. [ortho- + G. genesis, origin]

orthogenesis

(ôr′thō-jĕn′ĭ-sĭs)n.1. Biology The hypothesis, now largely discredited, that the evolution of species is linear and driven largely by internal factors rather than by natural selection.2. Anthropology The hypothesis that all cultures evolve in a linear manner from primitivism to civilization.

or′tho·ge·net′ic (-jə-nĕt′ĭk) adj.or′tho·ge·net′i·cal·ly adv.

orthogenesis

a discredited theory of evolution which held that development took place along predetermined lines unaffected by selective processes.

单词	orthogenesis
释义	orthogenesis enUK or·tho·gen·e·sis O0129700 (ôr′thō-jĕn′ĭ-sĭs)n.1. Biology The hypothesis, now largely discredited, that the evolution of species is linear and driven largely by internal factors rather than by natural selection.2. Anthropology The hypothesis that all cultures evolve in a linear manner from primitivism to civilization. or′tho·ge·net′ic (-jə-nĕt′ĭk) adj.or′tho·ge·net′i·cal·ly adv. orthogenesis (ˌɔːθəʊˈdʒɛnɪsɪs) n1. (Biology) biology a. evolution of a group of organisms predetermined to occur in a particular directionb. the theory that proposes such a development2. (Sociology) the theory that there is a series of stages through which all cultures pass in the same order orthogenetic adj ˌorthogeˈnetically adv or•tho•gen•e•sis (ˌɔr θoʊˈdʒɛn ə sɪs) n. 1. a. evolution of a species proceeding by continuous structural changes without presenting a branching pattern of descent. b. a theory that such evolution of a species is due to a predetermined series of alterations and not subject to natural selection. 2. a hypothetical parallelism between the stages through which every culture necessarily passes in spite of secondary conditioning factors. [1890–95] or`tho•ge•net′ic (-dʒəˈnɛt ɪk) adj. orthogenesis progressive evolution, leading to the development of a new form, as can be seen through successive generations. See also society. — orthogenetic, adj.See also: Biology progressive evolution, leading to the development of a new form, as can be seen through successive generations. See also society. — orthogenetic, adj.See also: Evolution the sociological theory that all cultures or societies follow the same fixed course of determinate evolution. See also evolution. — orthogenetic, adj.See also: Society Translations Orthogenesis enUK orthogenesis [‚ȯr·thə′jen·ə·səs] (evolution) A unidirectional evolutionary change among a related group of animals. Orthogenesis the hypothesis that evolution proceeds directly toward higher adaptive states. Orthogenesis is rooted in the views of J. B. Lamarck. The German scientists W. Haacke, who introduced the term “orthogenesis,” and G. H. T. Eimer, who used this term extensively, proceeded from the mechanistic Lamarckian position that the direction of evolution is controlled by the immediate influence of the environment and that the internal organization of an individual can change only in certain set directions. Subsequently, “orthogenesis” was often used to describe evolution as being controlled by an internal driving force as well as by the immediate influence of the environment. Modern evolutionary theory, according to which the direction of evolution is a result of natural selection, usually contradicts the concept of orthogenesis. Although linearity is a feature of evolutionary change, modern theory attributes it to limitations imposed on the structural features of the organism; linearity essentially is the result of natural selection in past generations. (See AUTOGENESIS, LAMARCKISM.) REFERENCES Simpson, G. G. Tempy i formy evoliutsii. Moscow, 1948. (Translated from English.) Shmal’gauzen, I. I. Problemy darvinizma, 2nd ed. Leningrad, 1969. Haacke, W. Gestaltung und Vererbung, Leipzig, 1893. Eimer, G. H. T. Die Entstehung der Arten. part 2: Die Orthogenesis der Schmetterlinge. Leipzig, 1897. A. V. IABLOKOV orthogenesis enUK or·tho·gen·e·sis (ōr'thō-jen'ĕ-sis), The doctrine that evolution is governed by intrinsic factors and occurs in predictable directions. [ortho- + G. genesis, origin] orthogenesis (ôr′thō-jĕn′ĭ-sĭs)n.1. Biology The hypothesis, now largely discredited, that the evolution of species is linear and driven largely by internal factors rather than by natural selection.2. Anthropology The hypothesis that all cultures evolve in a linear manner from primitivism to civilization. or′tho·ge·net′ic (-jə-nĕt′ĭk) adj.or′tho·ge·net′i·cal·ly adv. orthogenesis a discredited theory of evolution which held that development took place along predetermined lines unaffected by selective processes.
随便看	give one a fit give (one) a fix give one a fix give one a fix of give (one) a fix of (something) give (one) a free hand give (one) a fresh start give one a fresh start give (one) a (good) bawling out give one a good bawling out give (one) a (good) talking to give (one) a (good) working over give (one) a hammering give (one) a hand give (one) a hard time give (one) a heads up give (one) a kick give (one) a leg up give (one) a line give (one) a melvin give (one) a mouthful give (one) an earful give one an earful give (one) an easy ride give one an easy ride