| 释义 |
morphology
mor·phol·o·gy M0427500 (môr-fŏl′ə-jē)n. pl. mor·phol·o·gies 1. a. The branch of biology that deals with the form and structure of organisms without consideration of function.b. The form and structure of an organism or one of its parts: the morphology of a cell; the morphology of vertebrates.2. Linguistics The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds.
mor′pho·log′i·cal (-fə-lŏj′ĭ-kəl), mor′pho·log′ic adj.mor′pho·log′i·cal·ly adv.mor·phol′o·gist n.morphology (mɔːˈfɒlədʒɪ) n1. (Biology) the branch of biology concerned with the form and structure of organisms2. (Linguistics) the form and structure of words in a language, esp the consistent patterns of inflection, combination, derivation and change, etc, that may be observed and classified3. the form and structure of anything morphologic, ˌmorphoˈlogical adj ˌmorphoˈlogically adv morˈphologist nmor•phol•o•gy (mɔrˈfɒl ə dʒi)
n. 1. the branch of biology that deals with the form and structure of organisms. 2. the form and structure of an organism considered as a whole. 3. a. the patterns of word formation in a language, including inflection, derivation, and compound formation. b. the study and description of such patterns. c. the study of the behavior and combination of morphemes. 4. geomorphology. 5. form or structure. 6. the study of form or structure. [1820–30; < German; see morpho-, -logy] mor`pho•log′ic (-fəˈlɒdʒ ɪk) mor`pho•log′i•cal, adj. mor`pho•log′i•cal•ly, adv. mor•phol′o•gist, n. mor·phol·o·gy (môr-fŏl′ə-jē) The size, shape, and structure of an organism or one of its parts. Biologists usually describe the morphology of an organism separately from its physiology.morphology1. a branch of linguistics that studies and describes patterns of word formation, including inflection, derivation, and compounding of a language.
2. such patterns of a particular language. — morphologist, n. — morphological, adj.See also: Linguistics
1. the study of the form or structure of anything.
2. the branch of biology that studies the form and structure of plants and animals. See also geomorphology. — morphologist, n. — morphologic, morphological, adj.See also: Form
the branch of biology that studies the structure and form of animals and plants. — morphologist, n. — morphologic, morphological, adj.See also: Animals
the study of the form and structure of plants and animals. — morphologist, n. — morphologic, morphological, adj.See also: BiologymorphologyThe structure and form of words, especially the different forms such as inflections that can be classified.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  morphology - the branch of biology that deals with the structure of animals and plantsbiological science, biology - the science that studies living organismsanatomy, general anatomy - the branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals | | 2. | morphology - studies of the rules for forming admissible wordsgrammar - the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)accidence, inflectional morphology - the part of grammar that deals with the inflections of wordsderivational morphology - the part of grammar that deals with the derivations of wordscompound morphology - the part of grammar that deals with combinations of simple words into compound words | | 3. | morphology - the admissible arrangement of sounds in wordssound structure, syllable structure, word structurestructure - the complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations; "his lectures have no structure"affixation - the result of adding an affix to a root word | | 4. | morphology - the branch of geology that studies the characteristics and configuration and evolution of rocks and land formsgeomorphologygeophysical science, geophysics - geology that uses physical principles to study properties of the earthplate tectonic theory, plate tectonics, tectonics - the branch of geology studying the folding and faulting of the earth's crustlithology, petrology - the branch of geology that studies rocks: their origin and formation and mineral composition and classification |
TranslationsMorphologieμορφολογίαmorphologiemorfologiamorfologiemorfologiaморфологияmorphology
morphology the branch of biology concerned with the form and structure of organisms Morphology that part of the system of a natural language dealing with the structure of its word forms; the branch of linguistics that studies this part of a language system. As a linguistic discipline, morphology includes two main divisions: the study of word formation (derivation) and the study of word inflection (the study of paradigms). Morphology often also includes morphophonemics. General, or theoretical, morphology is distinguished from descriptive morphology, the study of the morphology of specific languages. The basic morphological unit is the morph, the minimal segmental sign of a natural language, that is, a sign represented by a chain of phonemes and not replaceable by other signs; in general, a morph is part of a word form that in turn may comprise one or several morphs. Every morph represents a specific morpheme. The task of general morphology consists in solving four basic problems. First is the enumeration and study of the nonradical meanings expressed within word forms in different languages and the development of a theory of such meanings, known as morphological meanings. Morphological meanings (and their corresponding categories) are divided, on the one hand, into semantic and syntactic (determined by syntactic relations in the sentence), and, on the other hand, into word-forming and word-altering, or word-inflecting. For example, word-forming semantic meanings include diminutivization (Russian nos, “nose,” nosik, “little nose“) and “place where” (chitat’ “to read,” chitaVnia, “reading room“). Word-forming syntactic meanings include verbal nouns (perestraivat’ “to rebuild,” perestroika, “rebuilding“) and adjectives derived from nouns (nos, “nose,” nosovoi, “nasal“). Word-altering semantic meanings include number in nouns (nos, “nose,” nosy, “noses“) and tense and aspect in verbs (chitaet, “is reading,” chital, “was reading,” odevalsia, “was getting dressed, odelsia, “got dressed“). Word-altering syntactic meanings include gender, number, and case in adjectives. The second task is the enumeration and study of the means employed in different languages to express various meanings within word forms and the development of the theory of these means, called morphological means. Five main classes of morphological means are known. They are divided into segmental, that is, bound to morphs (see below: a-d), and suprasegmental, that is, bound only to prosodic morphological units (see below: e): (a) compounding, including root-, stem-, and word-compounding (Russian blok-skhema, “flow-chart,” and zheltoburyi, “yellowish-brown“; French (b) affixation, including prefixation (Russian posiVnee, “a little stronger“), postfixation (Russian chita-tel’, “reader,” nos-y, “noses“), infixation (Latin vi-ci, “I conquered,” vi-nco, “I conquer“), interfixation (Russian beton-o-meshalka, “concrete mixer“), circumfixation (German ge-sag-t, “said“, from sagen, “to say“), and transfixation (Arabic r-a-sm, “drawing,” r-u-s-u-m, “drawings“); (c) modification (alteration of the signifier [signifiant] of a morph), including alternation (English “tooth“—“teeth“) and reduplication (Indonesian karangan, “article,” karangan-karangan, “articles“); (d) conversion (alteration of the syntax of a morph), as in English “to cook” and “the cook“; (e) suprafixation (expression of meaning by a particular prosodic phenomenon, such as tone or stress). The third task is the enumeration and study of the possible formal and semantic relationships between word forms or their parts, such as synonyms and homonyms (Russian brak, “marriage,” and brak, “waste,” “spoilage“), and the study of word formation (Russian nos, “nose,” nosik, “little nose“; spa-t’, “to sleep,” spa-l’nia, “bedroom“). Fourth is the development of a general theory of morphological models, to be created from the study of individual morphological systems. This general theory would include the construction of a system of concepts, the establishment of criteria for the morphological divisibility of word forms, and the determination of the types of morphological laws. The task of specialized [descriptive] morphology is to create, on thebasis of general morphological principles, the morphological model of a given language. The model should reflect the rules and patterns existing in the minds of the speakers of the language, and should represent a system of rules providing the correlation between the signifier of any word form and its specialized abstract description, or deep-morphological representation. REFERENCESReformatskii, A. A. Vvedenie v iazykoznanie, 4th edition. Moscow, 1967.
Zalizniak, A. A. Russkoe imennoe slovoizmenenie. Moscow, 1967.
Bloomfield, L. lazyk. Moscow, 1968. (Translated from English.)
Es’kova, N. A., I. A. Mel’chuk, and V. Z. Sannikov. Formal’naia model’ russkoi morfologii. Vol. 1, part 1: Formoobrazovanie sushchestviteVnykh i prilagaternykh. Moscow, 1971.
Vinogradov, V. V. Russkii iazyk: Grammaticheskoe uchenie o slove. Moscow, 1972.
Obshchee iazykoznanie: Vnutrenniaia struktura iazyka. Moscow, 1972.
Kubriakova, E. S. Osnovy morfologicheskogo analiza. Moscow, 1974.
Hockett, C. F. A Course in Modern Linguistics. New York, 1959.
Nida, E. Morphology: The Descriptive Analysis of Words, 2nd ed. Ann Arbor, 1965.
Harris, Z. S. Structural Linguistics. Chicago-London, 1963.I. A. MEL’CHUK morphology[mȯr′fäl·ə·jē] (biology) A branch of biology that deals with structure and form of an organism at any stage of its life history. morphology
morphology [mor″fol´o-je] 1. the science of the form and structure of organisms.2. the form and structure of a particular organism, organ, tissue, or cell. adj., adj morpholog´ic.mor·phol·o·gy (mōr-fol'ō-jē), Avoid the jargonistic use of this word as a synonym of form or appearance.The science concerned with the configuration or the structure of animals and plants. [morpho- + G. logos, study] morphology (môr-fŏl′ə-jē)n. pl. morpholo·gies a. The branch of biology that deals with the form and structure of organisms without consideration of function.b. The form and structure of an organism or one of its parts: the morphology of a cell; the morphology of vertebrates.
mor′pho·log′i·cal (-fə-lŏj′ĭ-kəl), mor′pho·log′ic adj.mor′pho·log′i·cal·ly adv.mor·phol′o·gist n.morphology Linguistics
The formal study of morphemes.
Science
The science of the form and structure of organisms—plants, animals and other forms of life.
Vox populi
The appearance or shape of a thing.anemia Hematology A condition characterized by ↓ RBCs or Hb in the blood, resulting in ↓ O2 in peripheral tissues Clinical Fatigability, pallor, palpitations, SOB; anemias are divided into various groups based on cause–eg, iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia–due to ↓ vitamin B12 or folic acid, or aplastic anemia–where RBC precursors in BM are 'wiped out'. See Anemia of chronic disease, Anemia of investigation, Anemia of prematurity, Aplastic anemia, Arctic anemia, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Cloverleaf anemia, Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, Dilutional anemia, Dimorphic anemia, Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia, Fanconi anemia, Hemolytic anemia, Idiopathic sideroblastic anemia, Immune anemia, Iron-deficiency anemia, Juvenile pernicious anemia, Macrocytic anemia, Megaloblastic anemia, Microcytic anemia, Myelophthisic anemia, Neutropenic colitis with aplastic anemia, Nonimmune hemolytic anemia, Pseudoanemia, Refractory anemia with excess blasts, Sickle cell anemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Sports anemia. General groups of anemia - Morphology
- Macrocytic
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Vitamin B12deficiency
- Folic acid deficiency
- Microcytic hypochromic
-
- Iron-deficiency anemia
- Hereditary defects
- Sickle cell anemia
- Thalassemia
- Other hemoglobinopathies
- Normocytic
-
- Acute blood loss
- Hemolysis
- BM failure
- Anemia of chronic disease
- Renal failure
- Etiology
- Deficiency
-
- Iron
- Vitamin B12
- Folic acid
- Pyridoxine
- Central–due to BM failure
-
- Anemia of chronic disease
- Anemia of senescence
- Malignancy
- BM replacement by tumor
- Toxicity due to chemotherapy
- Primary BM malignancy, eg leukemia
- Peripheral
-
. mor·phol·o·gy (mōr-fol'ŏ-jē) The science concerned with the configuration or the structure of animals and plants. [morpho- + G. logos, study]morphology the study of the shape, general appearance or form of an organism, as distinct from ANATOMY which involves dissection to discover structure.MorphologyLiterally, the study of form. In medicine, morphology refers to the size, shape and structure rather than the function of a given organ. As a diagnostic imaging technique, ultrasound facilitates the recognition of abnormal morphologies as symptoms of underlying conditions.Mentioned in: Abdominal Ultrasound, Semen Analysismor·phol·o·gy (mōr-fol'ŏ-jē) The science concerned with the configuration or the structure of animals and plants. [morpho- + G. logos, study]morphology
Related to morphology: sperm morphologySynonyms for morphologynoun the branch of biology that deals with the structure of animals and plantsRelated Words- biological science
- biology
- anatomy
- general anatomy
noun studies of the rules for forming admissible wordsRelated Words- grammar
- accidence
- inflectional morphology
- derivational morphology
- compound morphology
noun the admissible arrangement of sounds in wordsSynonyms- sound structure
- syllable structure
- word structure
Related Wordsnoun the branch of geology that studies the characteristics and configuration and evolution of rocks and land formsSynonymsRelated Words- geophysical science
- geophysics
- plate tectonic theory
- plate tectonics
- tectonics
- lithology
- petrology
|