Merton, Robert King

Merton, Robert King,

1910–2003, American sociologist, b. Philadelphia as Meyer Schkolnick, grad. Temple Univ. (A.B., 1931) and Harvard (M.A., 1932; Ph.D., 1936). From 1941 on he was a professor of sociology at Columbia Univ. and was especially known for his contributions to the study of social structure, bureaucracy, mass communications, and the sociology of science. Among his writings are Mass Persuasion (1946), Social Theory and Social Structure (1957), On the Shoulders of Giants (1965), and The Sociology of Science (1973). Merton developed such concepts as the "self-fulfilling prophecy," "role model," "deviant behavior," and focus groups. Robert C. MertonMerton, Robert Carhart,
1944–, American economist, b. New York City, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1970. He has taught at MIT (1970–88, 2010–) and Harvard (1988–2010).
..... Click the link for more information. is his son.

Merton, Robert King

Born July 5, 1910, in Philadelphia, Pa. American sociologist. Professor of sociology (1947) and assistant director of the Bureau of Applied Social Research at Columbia University. President of the American Sociological Association (1954).

Merton is an exponent of structural-functional analysis. He introduced the concept of dysfunction and made the distinction between manifest and latent, or hidden, functions. He also proposed the idea of middle-level theories, which are to link empirical research with a general theory of sociology.

Merton’s sociological analysis may be exemplified in his theory of anomie (a concept borrowed from E. Durkheim). According to Merton, anomie is a distinct moral and psychological state of the individual and the social consciousness and is characterized by the collapse of the system of moral values and by the vacuum of ideals. Merton considers the cause of anomie to be the contradiction between the individualistic, norm goals dominant in the culture of the USA (the striving for wealth, power, and success, which gives purpose and motivation to the individual) and the existing institutions and the sanctioned means of achieving these goals. According to Merton, established institutions in effect deprive the overwhelming majority of Americans of any possibility of achieving by legal means the goals that have been set for them.

According to Merton, this contradiction is what underlies crime (the revolt of the individualist against the restraining influence of institutionalized laws and regulations), apathy, and disillusionment in life (the loss of life goals). Merton regards this contradiction not as the product of the capitalist system but as a universal conflict, allegedly typical of industrial society. In a number of works, Merton emerges as a liberal-democratic critic of the bureaucratic and militaristic tendencies in the USA; however, he does not go beyond the boundaries of bourgeois ideology.

Merton is the author of empirical studies criticizing mass communication (radio, films, television, the press) in the USA, as well as works on the sociology of knowledge and the sociology of science.

WORKS

Mass Persuasion. 1946. (With M. Fiske and A. Curtis.)
The Focused Interview. Glencoe [1956]. (Coauthor.)
Science, Technology, and Society in Seventeenth Century England, 2nd ed. New York, 1970.
Social Theory and Social Structure. New York, 1968.
On the Shoulders of Giants. New York, 1965.
On Theoretical Sociology. London, 1967.
Contemporary Social Problems. 3rd ed. New York, 1971. (Coedited with R. Nisbet.)
In Russian translation:
“Sotsial’naia struktura i anomiia.” In Sotsiologiia prestupnosti. Moscow, 1966.
“lavnye i latentnye funktsii.” In Strukturno-funktsionaVnyi analiz v sovremennoi sotsiologii, issue 1. Moscow, 1968.

REFERENCES

Andreeva, G. M. Sovremennaia burzhuaznaia empiricheskaia sotsiologiia. Moscow, 1965.
Zamoshkin, lu. A. Krizis burzhuaznogo individualizma i lichnostl’ Moscow, 1967
Loomis, C. P., and Z. K. Loomis. Modern Social Theories. New York, 1961. (With bibliography.)

V. S. SEMENOV

单词	merton, robert king
释义	DictionarySeeRobert King Merton Merton, Robert King Merton, Robert King, 1910–2003, American sociologist, b. Philadelphia as Meyer Schkolnick, grad. Temple Univ. (A.B., 1931) and Harvard (M.A., 1932; Ph.D., 1936). From 1941 on he was a professor of sociology at Columbia Univ. and was especially known for his contributions to the study of social structure, bureaucracy, mass communications, and the sociology of science. Among his writings are Mass Persuasion (1946), Social Theory and Social Structure (1957), On the Shoulders of Giants (1965), and The Sociology of Science (1973). Merton developed such concepts as the "self-fulfilling prophecy," "role model," "deviant behavior," and focus groups. Robert C. MertonMerton, Robert Carhart, 1944–, American economist, b. New York City, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1970. He has taught at MIT (1970–88, 2010–) and Harvard (1988–2010). ..... Click the link for more information. is his son. Merton, Robert King Born July 5, 1910, in Philadelphia, Pa. American sociologist. Professor of sociology (1947) and assistant director of the Bureau of Applied Social Research at Columbia University. President of the American Sociological Association (1954). Merton is an exponent of structural-functional analysis. He introduced the concept of dysfunction and made the distinction between manifest and latent, or hidden, functions. He also proposed the idea of middle-level theories, which are to link empirical research with a general theory of sociology. Merton’s sociological analysis may be exemplified in his theory of anomie (a concept borrowed from E. Durkheim). According to Merton, anomie is a distinct moral and psychological state of the individual and the social consciousness and is characterized by the collapse of the system of moral values and by the vacuum of ideals. Merton considers the cause of anomie to be the contradiction between the individualistic, norm goals dominant in the culture of the USA (the striving for wealth, power, and success, which gives purpose and motivation to the individual) and the existing institutions and the sanctioned means of achieving these goals. According to Merton, established institutions in effect deprive the overwhelming majority of Americans of any possibility of achieving by legal means the goals that have been set for them. According to Merton, this contradiction is what underlies crime (the revolt of the individualist against the restraining influence of institutionalized laws and regulations), apathy, and disillusionment in life (the loss of life goals). Merton regards this contradiction not as the product of the capitalist system but as a universal conflict, allegedly typical of industrial society. In a number of works, Merton emerges as a liberal-democratic critic of the bureaucratic and militaristic tendencies in the USA; however, he does not go beyond the boundaries of bourgeois ideology. Merton is the author of empirical studies criticizing mass communication (radio, films, television, the press) in the USA, as well as works on the sociology of knowledge and the sociology of science. WORKS Mass Persuasion. 1946. (With M. Fiske and A. Curtis.) The Focused Interview. Glencoe [1956]. (Coauthor.) Science, Technology, and Society in Seventeenth Century England, 2nd ed. New York, 1970. Social Theory and Social Structure. New York, 1968. On the Shoulders of Giants. New York, 1965. On Theoretical Sociology. London, 1967. Contemporary Social Problems. 3rd ed. New York, 1971. (Coedited with R. Nisbet.) In Russian translation: “Sotsial’naia struktura i anomiia.” In Sotsiologiia prestupnosti. Moscow, 1966. “lavnye i latentnye funktsii.” In Strukturno-funktsionaVnyi analiz v sovremennoi sotsiologii, issue 1. Moscow, 1968. REFERENCES Andreeva, G. M. Sovremennaia burzhuaznaia empiricheskaia sotsiologiia. Moscow, 1965. Zamoshkin, lu. A. Krizis burzhuaznogo individualizma i lichnostl’ Moscow, 1967 Loomis, C. P., and Z. K. Loomis. Modern Social Theories. New York, 1961. (With bibliography.) V. S. SEMENOV
随便看	romaji romajikai roma junction yard office romalea guttata romalol romalpa clause romalpha romamti-ezer roman romana romana, cecilio roman a clef roman-a-clef romanadvoratrelundar roman africa roman à clef roman à clé romanal roman alphabet roman alum roman amphitheatre roman andreevich rudenko roman arch roman archaeology conference roman (architecture)