| 单词 | mercaptopurine | |||
| 释义 | mercaptopurinemer·cap·to·pu·rineM0224150 (mər-kăp′tō-pyo͝or′ēn)mercaptopurine(məˌkæptəʊˈpjʊəriːn)
mercaptopurinemercaptopurine:see metabolitemetabolite,organic compound that is a starting material in, an intermediate in, or an end product of metabolism. Starting materials are substances, usually small and of simple structure, absorbed by the organism as food. These include the vitamins and essential amino acids. ..... Click the link for more information. . mercaptopurinemercaptopurine[mer-kap″to-pu´rēn]mercaptopurine (6-mercaptopurine, 6-MP)Pharmacologic class: Antimetabolite Therapeutic class: Antineoplastic Pregnancy risk category D FDA Box Warning• Don't give drug unless diagnosis of acute lymphatic leukemia is confirmed and responsible physician knows how to assess response to chemotherapy. ActionInhibits DNA and RNA synthesis, suppressing growth of certain cancer cells AvailabilityTablets: 50 mg Indications and dosages➣ Maintenance therapy for acute lymphatic (lymphocytic, lymphoblastic) leukemia Adults and children: On complete hematologic remission, 1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg/day P.O. as a single dose (combined with other agents as prescribed). Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug or its components • Prior resistance to drug or thioguanine • Breastfeeding PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • renal or hepatic impairment • decreased platelet or neutrophil counts after chemotherapy or radiation • inherited thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency • pregnant patients. Administration• Follow facility protocols regarding proper handling and disposal of drug. See Don't handle drug if you are pregnant. • Be aware that total daily dosage is calculated to nearest multiple of 25 mg and given once daily. See Be aware that when mercaptopurine is given with allopurinol, mercaptopurine dosage must be reduced to one-third to one-fourth of usual dosage to avoid severe toxicity. See Withdraw drug immediately if white blood cell (WBC) or platelet count falls rapidly or steeply.  Adverse reactionsGI: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, GI ulcers, painful oral ulcers, pancreatitis Hematologic: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia Hepatic: jaundice, hepatotoxicity Metabolic: hyperuricemia Skin: rash, hyperpigmentation InteractionsDrug-drug. Allopurinol (more than 300 mg), aminosalicylate derivatives (mesalazine, olsalazine, sulfasalazine): increased bone marrow depression Warfarin: decreased anticoagulant effect Drug-diagnostic tests. Hemoglobin, platelets, red blood cells, uric acid, WBCs: increased values Patient monitoringSee Watch for signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity. • Monitor weekly CBC with white cell differential and platelet count. • Assess bone marrow aspiration and biopsy results, as necessary, to aid assessment of disease progression, resistance to therapy, and drug-induced marrow hypoplasia. • Monitor serum uric acid level. • Evaluate fluid intake and output. • Monitor liver function tests and bilirubin level weekly at start of therapy, then monthly. Patient teachingSee Instruct patient to immediately report fever, sore throat, increased bleeding or bruising, or signs or symptoms of liver problems (right-sided abdominal pain, yellowing of skin or eyes, nausea, vomiting, clay-colored stools, or dark urine). • Advise both male and female patients to use reliable contraception. • Encourage patient to maintain adequate fluid intake. • Caution patient not to get vaccinations without consulting prescriber. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above. mercaptopurine(mər-kăp′tō-pyo͝or′ēn)mercaptopurineAn antimetabolic chemotherapeutic structural analogue (thiol replaces 6-hydroxyl) of hypoxanthine, which is activated by hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase and converted in vivo to thioinosinic acid, a competitive inhibitor in purine synthesis that targets rapidly dividing cells (e.g., in ALL, AML). The wide variation in 6-MP bioavailability and suboptimal doses during maintenance regimens are attributable causes for the high incidence of relapse in children with ALL in remission.Adverse effects Myelosuppression, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, jaundice. mercaptopurineA CYTOTOXIC drug used in combination with others in the treatment of acute LEUKAEMIA. The drug is on the WHO official list. A brand name is Puri-Nethol.mercaptopurine
Synonyms for mercaptopurine
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