Luch

(The Ray), a daily newspaper of the Menshevik liquidators. It was published legally in St. Petersburg from September 1912 to July 1913; 237 issues came out. The circulation was about 16,000. Supported primarily by the contributions of the liberal bourgeoisie, it was not widely read among the workers. Ideological leadership was supplied by the editorial board of the former foreign organ of the liquidators, Golos sotsial-demokrata. Contributors to the newspaper included P. B. Aksel’rod, F. I. Dan, N. N. Zhordaniia, L. Martov (lu. O. Tsederbaum), A. S. Smirnov, and N. Cherevanin (F. A. Lipkin). The successors to Luch were the newspapers Zhivaia zhizn’ (July-August 1913, 19 issues), Novaia rabochaia gazeta (August 1913-January 1914, 136 issues), Severnaia rabochaia gazeta (January-May 1914, 68 issues), and Nasha rabochaia gazeta (May-July 1914, 55 issues).