释义 |
life
life L0158000 (līf)n. pl. lives (līvz) 1. a. The property or quality that distinguishes living organisms from dead organisms and inanimate matter, manifested in functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli or adaptation to the environment originating from within the organism.b. The characteristic state or condition of a living organism.2. Living organisms considered as a group: plant life; marine life.3. A living being, especially a person: an earthquake that claimed hundreds of lives.4. The physical, mental, and spiritual experiences that constitute existence: the artistic life of a writer.5. a. The interval of time between birth and death: She led a good, long life.b. The interval of time between one's birth and the present: has had hay fever all his life.c. A particular segment of one's life: my adolescent life.d. The period from an occurrence until death: elected for life; paralyzed for life.e. Slang A sentence of imprisonment lasting till death.6. The time for which something exists or functions: the useful life of a car.7. A spiritual state regarded as a transcending of corporeal death.8. An account of a person's life; a biography.9. Human existence, relationships, or activity in general: real life; everyday life.10. a. A manner of living: led a hard life.b. A specific, characteristic manner of existence. Used of inanimate objects: "Great institutions seem to have a life of their own, independent of those who run them" (New Republic).c. The activities and interests of a particular area or realm: musical life in New York.11. a. A source of vitality; an animating force: She's the life of the show.b. Liveliness or vitality; animation: a face that is full of life.12. a. Something that actually exists regarded as a subject for an artist: painted from life.b. Actual environment or reality; nature.adj.1. Of or relating to animate existence; involved in or necessary for living: life processes.2. Continuing for a lifetime; lifelong: life partner; life imprisonment.3. Using a living model as a subject for an artist: a life sculpture.Idioms: as big as life1. Life-size.2. Actually present. bring to life1. To cause to regain consciousness.2. To put spirit into; animate.3. To make lifelike. come to life To become animated; grow excited. for dear life Desperately or urgently: I ran for dear life when I saw the tiger. for life Till the end of one's life. for the life of (one) Though trying hard: For the life of me I couldn't remember his name. not on your life Informal Absolutely not; not for any reason whatsoever. take (one's) life To commit suicide. take (one's) life in (one's) hands To take a dangerous risk. take (someone's) life To commit murder. the good life A wealthy, luxurious way of living. the life of Riley Informal An easy life. the life of the party Informal An animated, amusing person who is the center of attention at a social gathering. to save (one's) life No matter how hard one tries: He can't ski to save his life. true to life Conforming to reality. [Middle English, from Old English līf; see leip- in Indo-European roots.]life (laɪf) n, pl lives (laɪvz) 1. (Biology) the state or quality that distinguishes living beings or organisms from dead ones and from inorganic matter, characterized chiefly by metabolism, growth, and the ability to reproduce and respond to stimuli. 2. the period between birth and death3. a living person or being: to save a life. 4. the time between birth and the present time5. a. the remainder or extent of one's lifeb. (as modifier): a life sentence; life membership; life subscription; life work. 6. (Law) short for life imprisonment7. the amount of time that something is active or functioning: the life of a battery. 8. a present condition, state, or mode of existence: my life is very dull here. 9. (Literary & Literary Critical Terms) a. a biographyb. (as modifier): a life story. 10. a. a characteristic state or mode of existence: town life. b. (as modifier): life style. 11. the sum or course of human events and activities12. liveliness or high spirits: full of life. 13. a source of strength, animation, or vitality: he was the life of the show. 14. (Biology) all living things, taken as a whole: there is no life on Mars; plant life. 15. (Brewing) sparkle, as of wines16. strong or high flavour, as of fresh food17. (Art Terms) (modifier) arts drawn or taken from a living model: life drawing; a life mask. 18. physics another name for lifetime19. (Games, other than specified) (in certain games) one of a number of opportunities of participation20. as large as life informal real and living21. larger than life in an exaggerated form22. come to life a. to become animate or consciousb. to be realistically portrayed or represented23. for dear life urgently or with extreme vigour or desperation24. for the life of one though trying desperately25. go for your life informal Austral and NZ an expression of encouragement26. a matter of life and death a matter of extreme urgency27. not on your life informal certainly not28. the life and soul informal a person regarded as the main source of merriment and liveliness: the life and soul of the party. 29. the life of Riley informal an easy life30. to the life (of a copy or image) resembling the original exactly31. to save one's life informal in spite of all considerations or attempts: he couldn't play football to save his life. 32. the time of one's life a memorably enjoyable time33. true to life faithful to reality[Old English līf; related to Old High German lib, Old Norse līf life, body]life (laɪf) n., pl. lives (līvz), adj. n. 1. the general condition that distinguishes organisms from inorganic objects and dead organisms, being manifested by growth through metabolism, a means of reproduction, and internal regulation in response to the environment. 2. the animate existence or period of animate existence of an individual: to risk one's life; a long life. 3. a corresponding state, existence, or principle of existence conceived of as belonging to the soul: eternal life. 4. the general or universal condition of human existence: Life is like that. 5. any specified period of animate existence: a couple in middle life. 6. the period of existence, activity, or effectiveness of something inanimate, as a machine, lease, or play. 7. a living being: Several lives were lost in the fire. 8. living things collectively: insect life. 9. a particular aspect of existence: an active sex life. 10. the course of existence or sum of experiences and actions that constitute a person's existence. 11. a biography: a life of Willa Cather. 12. animation; liveliness; spirit: The party was full of life. 13. resilience; elasticity. 14. the force that makes or keeps something alive; the vivifying or quickening principle. 15. a mode or manner of existence, as in the world of affairs or society. 16. life sentence. 17. anything or anyone considered to be as precious as life: She was his life. 18. a person or thing that enlivens: the life of the party. 19. effervescence or sparkle, as of wines. 20. pungency or strong, sharp flavor, as of substances when fresh or in good condition. 21. nature or any of the forms of nature as the model or subject of a work of art: drawn from life. adj. 22. for or lasting a lifetime; lifelong: a life membership in a club; life imprisonment. 23. of or pertaining to animate existence: life functions. 24. working from nature or using a living model: a life drawing. Idioms: 1. bring to life, a. to restore to consciousness. b. to make animated. c. to imbue with lifelike characteristics. 2. come to life, a. to recover consciousness. b. to become animated. c. to appear lifelike. 3. for dear life, with the most desperate effort possible. 4. for the life of one, even with the utmost effort. 5. get a life, to improve the quality of one's social and professional life: often used in the imperative to express impatience with someone's behavior. 6. not on your life, absolutely not. 7. take one's life in one's hands, to risk death knowingly. 8. to the life, in perfect imitation; exactly. [before 900; Middle English lif(e); Old English līf, c. Old Frisian, Old Saxon, Old Norse līf, Old High German līb life, body; akin to live1] life (līf)1. The property or quality that distinguishes living organisms from dead organisms and nonliving matter. Life is shown in an organism that has the ability to grow, carry on metabolism, respond to stimuli, and reproduce.2. Living organisms considered as a group: plant life; marine life.LifeSee also biology; zoology abiogenesisBiology. the production of living organisms from inanimate matter. Also called spontaneous generation. — abiogenetic, adj.abiosisa state or condition in which life is absent. — abiotic, abiotical, adj.anabiosisa revival or return to a living state after apparent death. — anabiotic, adj.athanasiaimmortality.biochemistrythe study of the chemical processes that take place in living organisms. — biochemist, n. — biochemical, adj.biogenesis, biogeny1. the process by which living organisms develop from other living organisms. 2. the belief that this process is the only way in which living organisms can develop. — biogenetic, biogenic, adj.biologythe science or study of all manner of life and living organisms. — biologist, n. — biological, adj.biolysisthe destruction of life, as by bacteria. — biolytic, adj.biometrics, biometry.1. the calculation of the probable extent of human lifespans. 2. the application to biology of mathematical and statistical theory and methods. — biometric, biometrical, adj.biospherethat part of the earth’s surface where most forms of life exist, specifically those parts where there is water or atmosphere.mechanismPhilosophy. the theory or doctrine that all the phenomena of the universe, especially life, can ultimately be explained in terms of physics and chemistry and that the difference between organic and inorganic lies only in degree. Cf. vitalism. — mechanist, n. — mechanistic, adj.ontogenesisontogeny. — ontogenetic, ontogenetical, adj.ontogenythe life cycle, development, or developmental history of an organism. Also called ontogenesis. — ontogenic, adj.parthenogenesisBiology. the development of an egg or seed without fertilization. Also called unigenesis. — parthenogenetic, adj.physiologythe branch of biology that studies the functions and vital processes of living organisms. — physiologist, n. — physiologic, physiological, adj.spontaneous generationabiogenesis.unigenesisasexual reproduction; parthenogenesis. — unigenetic, adj.vitalism1. Philosophy. the doctrine that phenomena are only partly controlled by mechanistic forces and are in some measure self-determining. 2. Biology. the doctrine that the life in living organisms is caused and sustained by a vital principle that is distinct from all physical and chemical forces. Cf. mechanism. — vitalist, n. — vitalistic, adj.vitativenessPhrenology. 1. the love of life and fear of death. 2. the organ serving as the seat of instincts of self-preservation.zoism1. Philosophy. a doctrine that the phenomena of life are controlled by a vital principle, as Bergson’s élan vital. 2. a high regard for animal life. 3. a belief in animal magnetism. — zoist, n. — zoistic, adj.Life See Also: AGE; LIFE, DEFINED; MANKIND - (It seemed to him that) all man’s life was like a tiny spurt of flame —Thomas Wolfe
- The art of living rightly is like all arts; it must be learned and practiced with incessant care —Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- The eventful life has dates; it swells and pauses like a plot —Paul Theroux
- How ridiculous it [life] all seems … like a drop of water seen through a microscope, a single drop teeming with infusoria, or a speck of cheese full of mites invisible to the naked eye —Arthur Schopenhauer
- In life as in a football game, the principle to follow is: Hit the line hard —Theodore Roosevelt
- Let us play the game of life as sportsmen, pocketing our winnings with a smile, leaving our losings with a shrug —Jerome K. Jerome
- Life … empty as statistics are —Babette Deutsch
- Life … flat and stale, like an old glass of beer —Andre Dubus
- Life folds like a fan with a click —Herbert Read
- Life goes on forever like the gnawing of a mouse —Edna St. Vincent Millay
- Life had been like a cloud rainbowed by the sun —Barbara Reid
- Life imposes by brute energy, like inarticulate thunder; art catches the ear, among the far louder noises of experience, like an air artificially made by a discreet musician —Robert Louis Stevenson
See Also: ART AND LITERATURE - A life indifferent as a star —Randall Jarrell
- A life is composed of a thousand frail strands, like the rainbow tangle of telphone cables. Somehow, we make connections —Jean Thompson
- Life is shapeless as a glove —Kenneth Koch
See Also: SHAPE - Life … it slips through my hands like a fish —James Reiss
See Also: ELUSIVENESS - Life, like a child, laughs shaking its rattle of death as it runs —Rabindranath Tagore
See Also: DEATH - Life, like a good story, pursues its way from beginning to end in a firm and unbroken line —W. Somerset Maugham
- Life, like every other blessing, derives its value from its use alone —Samuel Johnson
- Life, like war, is a series of mistakes —F.W. Robertson
- Life often seems like a long shipwreck, of which the debris are friendship, glory and love —Madame de Staël
- Life’s bare as a bone —Virginia Woolf
- Life is so like a little strip of pavement over an abyss —Virginia Woolf
- Life should be embraced like a lover —Rose Tremain
- Life’s like an inn where travelers stay, some only breakfast and away; others to dinnerstop, and are full fed; the oldest only sup and go to bed —English epitath
A variation of this, also found on a gravestone, is “Our life is nothing but a winter’s day.” - Life swings like a pendulum backward and forward between pain and boredom —Arthur Schopenhauer
- A life that moved in spirals turned inward like the shell of a sea-snail —Malcolm Cowley
- Life was like [motion] pictures only in that it hardly every managed to be as exciting as its preview —Larry McMurtry
- Like a morning dream, life becomes more and more bright, the longer we live —Jean Paul Richter
- Like following life through creatures you dissect, you lose it in the moment you detect —Alexander Pope
- To live is like love, all reason is against it, and all healthy instincts for it —Samuel Butler
- Man’s journey through life is like that of a bee through blossoms —Yugoslav proverb
- A man’s life, like a piece of tapestry, is made up of many strands which interwoven make a pattern; to separate a single one and look at it alone, not only destroys the whole, but gives the strand itself a false value —Judge Learned Hand
Judge Hand compared life to a piece of tapestry at the 1912 proceedings in memory of Mr. Justice Brandeis. - Men deal with life as children with their play, who first misuse, then cast their toys away —William Cowper
- Moved … through her life, like a clumsy visitor in a museum —Susan Fromberg Schaeffer
- Much that goes on behind Life’s doors is not fixed like the pillars of a building nor preconceived like the structure of a symphony, nor calculable like the orbit of a star —Vicki Baum
- My life felt like a fragile silk chemise —Marge Piercy
- My life is like a stroll upon the beach, as near the ocean’s edge as I can go —Henry David Thoreau
- My life is like the autumn leaf that trembles in the moon’s pale ray —Richard Henry Wilde
This begins the second stanza of the poem, My Life. - My life is like the summer rose that opens to the morning sky, but before the shade of evening closes is scattered on the ground to die —Richard Henry Wilde
Another simile from Wilde’s My Life, this one the opening line. - My life loose as a frog’s —Maxine Kumin
- Our days on earth are as a shadow —The Holy Bible/Job
- (I worry that) our lives are like soap operas. We can go for months and not tune in to them, then six months later we look in and the same stuff is still going on —Jane Wagner
- Our lives are united like fruit in a bowl —W. H. Auden
- Our lives run like fingers over sandpaper —Jaroslav Seifert
- Perhaps like an ancient statue that has no arms our life, without deeds and heroes, has greater charms —Yehuda Amichai
- Sometimes we do not become adults until we suffer a good whacking loss, and our lives in a sense catch up with us and wash over us like a wave and everything goes —Richard Ford
- The art of life is more like the wrestler’s art than the dancer’s that it should stand ready and firm to meet onsets which are sudden and unexpected —Marcus Aurelius
- There was a dimension missing from his life, as though trees were flat and rooflines painted on the sky —Margaret Sutherland
- The vanity of human life is like a rivulet, constantly passing away, and yet constantly coming on —Alexander Pope
- Viewed from the summit of reason, all life looks like a malignant disease and the world like a madhouse —Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- Wear life like an old pair of shoes that’s easy on my feet —Ben Ames Williams
- When the highest stake in the game of living, life itself, may not be risked … becomes as flat, as superficial as one of those American flirtations in which it is from the first understood that nothing is to happen, contrasted with a Continental love-affair in which both partners must constantly bear in mind the serious consequences —Sigmund Freud
- Would that life were like the shadow cast by a wall or a tree, but it is like the shadow of a bird in flight —Palestinian Talmud
ThesaurusNoun | 1. | life - a characteristic state or mode of living; "social life"; "city life"; "real life"being, beingness, existence - the state or fact of existing; "a point of view gradually coming into being"; "laws in existence for centuries"ghetto - any segregated mode of living or working that results from bias or stereotyping; "the relative security of the gay ghetto"; "no escape from the ghetto of the typing pool" | | 2. | life - the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities; "he could no longer cope with the complexities of life"livingexperience - the content of direct observation or participation in an event; "he had a religious experience"; "he recalled the experience vividly" | | 3. | life - the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living; "he hoped for a new life in Australia"; "he wanted to live his own life without interference from others"being, beingness, existence - the state or fact of existing; "a point of view gradually coming into being"; "laws in existence for centuries" | | 4. | life - the condition of living or the state of being alive; "while there's life there's hope"; "life depends on many chemical and physical processes"aliveness, animation, livingbeing, beingness, existence - the state or fact of existing; "a point of view gradually coming into being"; "laws in existence for centuries"eternal life, life eternal - life without beginning or endskin - a person's skin regarded as their life; "he tried to save his skin"survival, endurance - a state of surviving; remaining alive | | 5. | life - the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death); "the battery had a short life"; "he lived a long and happy life"lifespan, lifetime, life-timeperiod, period of time, time period - an amount of time; "a time period of 30 years"; "hastened the period of time of his recovery"; "Picasso's blue period"birth - the time when something begins (especially life); "they divorced after the birth of the child"; "his election signaled the birth of a new age"demise, dying, death - the time when something ends; "it was the death of all his plans"; "a dying of old hopes"afterlife, hereafter - life after deathtime of life - a period of time during which a person is normally in a particular life stateeld, age - a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises; "she was now of school age"; "tall for his eld" | | 6. | life - the period between birth and the present time; "I have known him all his life"period, period of time, time period - an amount of time; "a time period of 30 years"; "hastened the period of time of his recovery"; "Picasso's blue period"past - a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret); "reporters dug into the candidate's past" | | 7. | life - the period from the present until death; "he appointed himself emperor for life"period, period of time, time period - an amount of time; "a time period of 30 years"; "hastened the period of time of his recovery"; "Picasso's blue period"days, years - the time during which someone's life continues; "the monarch's last days"; "in his final years" | | 8. | life - a living person; "his heroism saved a life"individual, mortal, person, somebody, someone, soul - a human being; "there was too much for one person to do" | | 9. | life - animation and energy in action or expression; "it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it"sprightliness, liveliness, spiritbrio, invigoration, spiritedness, vivification, animation - quality of being active or spirited or alive and vigorouspertness - quality of being lively and confident; "there was a pertness about her that attracted him"airiness, delicacy - lightness in movement or manneralacrity, briskness, smartness - liveliness and eagerness; "he accepted with alacrity"; "the smartness of the pace soon exhausted him"vim, muscularity, vigor, vigour, energy - an imaginative lively style (especially style of writing); "his writing conveys great energy"; "a remarkable muscularity of style"elan - enthusiastic and assured vigor and liveliness; "a performance of great elan and sophistication"esprit - liveliness of mind or spiritbreeziness, jauntiness - a breezy liveliness; "a delightful breeziness of manner"irrepressibility, buoyancy - irrepressible liveliness and good spirit; "I admired his buoyancy and persistent good humor"high-spiritedness - exuberant livelinessebullience, enthusiasm, exuberance - overflowing with eager enjoyment or approvalpep, peppiness, ginger - liveliness and energy; "this tonic is guaranteed to give you more pep" | | 10. | life - living things collectively; "the oceans are teeming with life"animate thing, living thing - a living (or once living) entitywildlife - all living things (except people) that are undomesticated; "chemicals could kill all the wildlife" | | 11. | life - the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones; "there is no life on the moon"organic phenomenon - (biology) a natural phenomenon involving living plants and animalsbiology - characteristic life processes and phenomena of living organisms; "the biology of viruses"aerobiosis - life sustained in the presence of air or oxygen | | 12. | life - an account of the series of events making up a person's lifebiography, life history, life storyaccount, chronicle, history, story - a record or narrative description of past events; "a history of France"; "he gave an inaccurate account of the plot to kill the president"; "the story of exposure to lead"autobiography - a biography of yourselfhagiography - a biography that idealizes or idolizes the person (especially a person who is a saint)profile - biographical sketch | | 13. | life - a motive for living; "pottery was his life"motivation, motive, need - the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior; "we did not understand his motivation"; "he acted with the best of motives" | | 14. | life - a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives; "he got life for killing the guard"life sentenceprison term, sentence, time - the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned; "he served a prison term of 15 months"; "his sentence was 5 to 10 years"; "he is doing time in the county jail" |
lifenoun1. being, existence, living, breath, entity, vitality, animation, viability, sentience a newborn baby's first minutes of life2. living things, creatures, wildlife, organisms, living beings Is there life on Mars?3. existence, being, lifetime, time, days, course, span, duration, continuance He spent the last fourteen years of his life in retirement.4. way of life, situation, conduct, behaviour, life style How did you adjust to college life?5. liveliness, activity, energy, spirit, go (informal), pep, sparkle, vitality, animation, vigour, verve, zest, high spirits, get-up-and-go (informal), oomph (informal), brio, vivacity The town itself was full of life and character.6. biography, story, history, career, profile, confessions, autobiography, memoirs, life story It was his aim to write a life of John Paul Jones.7. period of usefulness, existence, duration The repairs did not increase the life of the equipment.8. spirit, heart, soul, essence, core, lifeblood, moving spirit, vital spark, animating spirit, élan vital (French) He's sucked the life out of her.9. person, human, individual, soul, human being, mortal a war in which thousands of lives were lostcome to life rouse, revive, awaken, become active, become animate, show signs of life Poems which had seemed dull suddenly came to life.for dear life (Informal) desperately, quickly, vigorously, urgently, intensely, for all you are worth I made for the raft and clung on for dear life.give your life lay down your life, die, sacrifice yourself He gave his life to save his family.that's life that's the way things are, that's it, that's the way the cookie crumbles (informal) 'It might never have happened if she hadn't gone back.' 'That's life.'Related words adjectives animate, vitalQuotations "Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player," "That struts and frets his hour upon the stage," "And then is heard no more; it is a tale" "Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury," "Signifying nothing" [William Shakespeare Macbeth] "The unexamined life is not worth living" [Socrates] "Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards" [Søren Kierkegaard] "Life is a comedy to those that think, and a tragedy to those that feel" [Horace Walpole Letter to Anne, Countess of Upper Ossory] "Life is a tragedy when seen in close-up, but a comedy in long-shot" [Charlie Chaplin] "Life is long to the miserable, but short to the happy" [Publilius Syrus Sententiae] "The essence of life is statistical improbability on a colossal scale" [Richard Dawkins The Blind Watchmaker] "Life exists in the universe only because the carbon atom possesses certain exceptional qualities" [James Jeans The Mysterious Universe] "Life is an abnormal business" [Eugène Ionesco The Rhinoceros] "Life is fired at us point blank" [José Ortega y Gasset] "There is only one minute in which you are alive, this minute - here and now. The only way to live is by accepting each minute as an unrepeatable miracle. Which is exactly what it is - a miracle and unrepeatable" [Storm Jameson] "Look to this day" "For it is life, the very life of life" The Sufi "In the time of your life, live - so that in that wondrous time you shall not add to the misery and sorrow of the world - but shall smile at the infinite delight and mystery of it" [William Saroyan] "Man is born to live, not to prepare for life" [Boris Pasternak Doctor Zhivago] "What is life? It is the flash of a firefly in the night. It is the breath of a buffalo in the winter time; it is the little shadow which runs across the grass and loses itself in the sunset" [Crowfoot, a great hunter of the Blackfoot Last words] "Oh, what a day-to-day business life is" [Jules Laforgue Complainte sur certains ennuis] "Believe me! The secret of reaping the greatest fruitfulness and the greatest enjoyment from life is to live dangerously!" [Friedrich Nietzsche Die fröhliche Wissenschaft] "Life is just one damned thing after another" [Frank Ward O'Malley] "Life doesn't imitate art, it imitates bad television" [Woody Allen Husbands and Wives] "Lift not the painted veil which those who live" "Call Life" [Percy Bysshe Shelley Sonnet] "Life is one long process of getting tired" [Samuel Butler Notebooks] "There is no wealth but life" [John Ruskin Unto This Last] "Every man regards his own life as the New Year's Eve of time" [Jean Paul Richter Levana] "Life isn't all beer and skittles" [Thomas Hughes Tom Brown's Schooldays] "Life is far too important a thing ever to talk seriously about" [Oscar Wilde Lady Windermere's Fan] "The meaning of life is that it stops" [Franz Kafka] "It is the essence of life that it exists for its own sake" [A.N. Whitehead Nature and Life] "Old and young, we are all on our last cruise" [Robert Louis Stevenson Virginibus Puerisque] "Human life is everywhere a state in which much is to be endured, and little to be enjoyed" [Dr. Johnson Rasselas] "'Tis all a chequer-board of nights and days" "Where Destiny with men for pieces plays;" "Hither and thither moves, and mates, and slays," "And one by one back in the closet lays" [Edward Fitzgerald The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám] "Life is real! Life is earnest!" "And the grave is not its goal;" "Dust thou art, to dust returnest," "Was not spoken of the soul" [Henry Wadsworth Longfellow A Psalm of Life]Proverbs "Life begins at forty"lifenoun1. A lively, emphatic, eager quality or manner:animation, bounce, brio, dash, élan, esprit, liveliness, pertness, sparkle, spirit, verve, vigor, vim, vivaciousness, vivacity, zip.Informal: ginger, pep, peppiness.Slang: oomph.2. A member of the human race:being, body, creature, homo, human, human being, individual, man, mortal, party, person, personage, soul.3. The period during which someone or something exists:day (often used in plural), duration, existence, lifetime, span, term.Translationslife (laif) – plural lives (laivz) – noun1. the quality belonging to plants and animals which distinguishes them from rocks, minerals etc and things which are dead. Doctors are fighting to save the child's life. 生命 生命2. the period between birth and death. He had a long and happy life. 壽命 寿命3. liveliness. She was full of life and energy. 活力 生命力4. a manner of living. She lived a life of ease and idleness. 生活 生活方式5. the period during which any particular state exists. He had many different jobs during his working life. 生涯 生涯6. living things. It is now believed that there may be life on Mars; animal life. 生物 生物7. the story of a life. He has written a life of Churchill. 生平 传记8. life imprisonment. He was given life for murder. 無期徒刑 无期徒刑ˈlifeless adjective1. dead. a lifeless body. 無生命的 无生命的2. not lively; uninteresting. The actress gave a lifeless performance. 沉悶的 无趣的,没有生气的 ˈlifelike adjective like a living person, animal etc. The statue was very lifelike; a lifelike portrait. 逼真的 逼真的life-and-ˈdeath adjective serious and deciding between life and death. a life-and-death struggle. 生死攸關的 生死攸关的ˈlifebelt noun a ring or belt filled with air or made of a material which floats, for keeping a person afloat. 救生帶 救生带ˈlifeboat noun a boat for saving shipwrecked people. 救生艇 救生艇ˈlifebuoy noun a buoy intended to support a person in the water till he can be rescued. 救生圈 救生圈ˈlife-cycle noun the various stages through which a living thing passes. the life-cycle of the snail. 生命周期 生命周期life expectancy the (average) length of time a person can expect to live. 預期壽命,平均壽命 估计寿命,平均寿命 ˈlifeguard noun a person employed to protect and rescue swimmers at a swimming-pool, beach etc. 救生員 救生员ˈlife-jacket noun a sleeveless jacket filled with material that will float, for keeping a person afloat. 救生衣 救生衣ˈlifeline noun a rope for support in dangerous operations or thrown to rescue a drowning person. 救生索 救生索ˈlifelong adjective lasting the whole length of a life. a lifelong friendship. 畢生的 毕生的ˈlife-saving noun the act or skill of rescuing people from drowning. The boy is being taught life-saving. 救生,救生技能 救生(法) ˈlife-size(d) adjective, adverb (of a copy, drawing etc) as large as the original. a life-sized statue. 與原物一般大小的 与原物一般大小的ˈlifetime noun the period of a person's life. He saw many changes in his lifetime. 一生 一生as large as life in person; actually. I went to the party and there was John as large as life. 親自;千真萬確 千真万确bring to life to make lively or interesting. His lectures really brought the subject to life. 使生動或有趣 使苏醒,使 ... 精力充沛 come to life to become lively or interesting. The play did not come to life until the last act. 甦醒過來 苏醒过来for life until death. They became friends for life. 終身 终身the life and soul of the party a person who is very active, enthusiastic, amusing etc at a party. 社交聚會的靈魂人物 社交活跃分子,核心人物,聚会的中心人物 not for the life of me not even if it was necessary in order to save my life. I couldn't for the life of me remember his name! 再怎麼努力也… 无论如何not on your life! certainly not!. `Will you get married?' `Not on your life!' 絕對不會! 绝对不行!take life to kill. It is a sin to take life. 殺人 杀人take one's life to kill oneself. 自殺 自杀take one's life in one's hands to take the risk of being killed. 冒生命危險 冒生命危险to the life exactly (like). When he put on that uniform, he was Napoleon to the life. 某人的翻版 逼真地,惟妙惟肖的 life See:- (I'll) see you in another life
- (important) milestone in (one's) life
- (it's/that's the) story of my life
- (one's) life is in (someone's) hands
- (one's) mission in life
- (something) gives me life
- a dog's life
- a fact of life
- a lease of life
- a legend in (one's) own lifetime
- a life of its own
- a matter of life and death
- a matter of life or death
- a new lease of life
- a new lease on life
- a slice of life
- a walk of life
- a/the/somebody's way of life
- all (one's) life is worth
- all (one's) life's worth
- all walks of life
- Art is long and life is short
- as big as life
- as if (one's) life depends on it
- as large as life
- as much as (one's) life is worth
- at (one's) time of life
- at my, your, etc. time of life
- bane of (one's) existence
- be (all) part of life's rich pageant
- be (all) part of life's rich tapestry
- be (one's) life
- be another of life's great mysteries
- be fighting for (one's)/its life
- be fighting for your life
- be in fear of (one's) life
- be larger than life
- be somebody's life
- be the life and soul of the party
- be the light of (one's) life
- be the spice of life
- be/go in fear of your life
- beat (one) to within an inch of (one's) life
- beer and skittles, (life is) not all
- best things in life are free
- bet bottom dollar
- bet one’s bottom dollar
- bet your bottom dollar
- bet your bottom dollar/your life
- bet your life
- between life and death
- big as life
- bowl of cherries, life is just a
- Bread is the staff of life
- breathe (new) life into (someone or something)
- breathe life into
- breathe life into something
- bring (someone or something) back to life
- bring (someone or something) to life
- bring back to life
- bring somebody/something to life
- bring to life
- cannot for the life of me/him/her/us/them
- can't (do something) to save (one's) life
- can't do something to save your life
- can't for the life of me
- cat-and-dog life
- change of life
- charmed life
- charmed life, to bear (lead) a
- claim a life
- claim a/the/(one's) life
- come alive
- come to life
- couldn't (do something) to save (one's) life
- depart this life
- do anything for a quiet life
- dog's life
- end (one's) days
- end (one's) life
- end your days/life
- eternal life
- evening of life
- every walk of life
- fact of life
- facts of life
- fail at life
- fast lane
- fast lane/track, in/on the
- fight for (one's) life
- fight for life
- fixed for life
- for (one's) life
- for dear life
- for life
- for the life of
- for the life of (one)
- for the life of me
- for the life of one
- frighten the life out of
- frighten the life out of (one)
- frighten the life out of someone
- frighten/scare the life out of somebody
- full of life
- get a life
- Get a life!
- get out with (one's) life
- get out with life
- get the fright of (one's) life
- give (one) the kiss of life
- give (one's) life
- give (someone) the fright of (someone's) life
- give a new lease of life
- go in fear of (one's) life
- good life, the
- hang on for dear life
- have a charmed life
- have name inscribed in the book of life
- have the time of (one's) life
- have the time of life
- have the time of your life
- having the time of my life
- hold on for dear life
- how's life (treating you)?
- if (one's) life depended on it
- in real life
- in the prime of life
- it's a dog's life
- it's the story of my life
- kiss of life
- large as life
- large as/larger than life, as
- larger than life
- late in life
- lay (one's) life on the line
- lay down
- lay down (one's) life
- lay down life
- lay down your life
- lead a cat and dog life
- lead a charmed life
- lead a dog's life
- lead a double life
- lead a life of (something)
- lead the life of Reilly
- lead the life of Riley
- lead/have a charmed life
- lead/live the life of Reilly/Riley
- life after (something)
- life after death
- life and limb
- life and soul of the party
- life and/or death
- life begins at 40
- Life begins at forty
- life hack
- life has been good
- life in the fast lane
- life in the raw
- life in the slow lane
- life is (just) a bowl of cherries
- life is a bowl of cherries
- life is cheap
- Life is just a bowl of cherries
- life is like a box of chocolates
- Life is short and time is swift
- life is short(, and time is swift)
- life is too short
- Life isn't all beer and skittles
- life isn't all rainbows and unicorns
- life isn't all sunshine and rainbows
- life jacket
- life of Reilly, leading/living the
- life of Riley
- life of the party
- life of the party, the
- life preserver
- life saver
- life style
- life-and-death
- life-or-death
- Life's been good
- life's too short
- like (one's) life depends on it
- live (one's) own life
- live a charmed life
- live a life of
- live a life of (something)
- live out (the rest of) (one's) life
- live out days
- live the life of Reilly
- live the life of Riley
- live your own life
- look on the sunny side (of life/things)
- lose (one's) life
- lose your life
- lowlife
- low-life
- lust for life
- make (one's) life a misery
- make a life for (oneself)
- make a life for oneself
- make life a misery (for one)
- make life difficult
- make life difficult (for one)
- make life miserable for
- make life miserable for (one)
- make somebody's life a misery
- make something of (one's) life
- mark (one) for life
- mark for life
- matter of life and death
- matter of life and death, a
- milestone in life
- mission in life
- never in my life
- new lease on life
- new lease on life, a
- not for the life of (one)
- not for the life of me
- not for the life of me, etc.
- not for the world
- not on your life
- of (one's) life
- of one's life
- on my life
- one's way of life
- pester the life out of
- pester the life out of (one)
- prime of life
- prime of life, the
- put (one's) life on the line
- receive the fright of (one's) life
- right to life
- risk life and limb
- risk life and limb, to
- run for (one's) life
- run for it
- run for life
- scar (one) for life
- scare the life out of (one)
- seamy side of life
- see life
- See you in another life
- set (one) up for life
- set for life
- shelf life
- sign (one's) life away
- slice of life
- soft life
- spend the rest of (one's) life
- spring to life
- spring to/into life/action
- staff of life
- staff of life, the
- start (life) as (something)
- story of (one's) life
- story of my life, that's the
- story of my life, the
- such is life
- Such is life!
- take (one's or someone's) life in(to) (one's) (own) hands
- take (one's) life
- take (one's) own life
- take life
- take life in hands
- take on a life of its own
- take own life
- take somebody's life
- take someone's life
- take your life in your hands
- take your own life
- that's life
- that's the story of my life
- that's the way life is
- the bane of (one's) life
- the bane of somebody's life/existence
- the best things in life are free
- the breath of life
- the change (of life)
- the change of life
- the facts of life
- the fright of (one's) life
- the fright of your life
- the good life
- the kiss of life
- the life and soul of the party
- the life of Reilly
- the life of Riley
- the life of the party
- the light of (one's) life
- the light of somebody's life
- the light of your life
- the love of (one's) life
- the man/woman in (one's) life
- the man/woman in your life
- the prime of life
- the school of life
- the shock of (one's) life
- the shock of life
- the staff of life
- the time of (one's) life
- the time of one's life
- the time of your life
- the university of life
- there's life in the old dog yet
- this is the life
- this is the life!
- time of life
- time of one's life
- to save (one's) life
- to save life
- to save one's life
- to save your life
- to the life
- to within an inch of your life
- true to
- true to life
- variety is the spice of life
- walk of life
- way of life
- what a life
- what a life!
- when life gives you lemons, make lemonade
- Where have you been all my life?
- where there's life
- where there's life, there's hope
- While there's life there's hope
- while there's life, there's hope
- while/where there's life there's hope
- within an inch of (one's) life
- within an inch of life
- within an inch of your life
- you (can) bet your (sweet) life
- you (can) bet your (sweet) life)
- you bet your life
- You bet your life!
- You bet your sweet life!
- your life is in someone's hands
See life
life
life, although there is no universal agreement as to a definition of life, its biological manifestations are generally considered to be organization, metabolism, growth, irritability, adaptation, and reproduction. Protozoa perform, in a single cell, the same life functions as those carried on by the complex tissues and organs of humans and other highly developed organisms. The attributes of life are inherent in such minute structures as viruses, bacteria, and genes, just as they are in the whale and the giant sequoia. In seeking an understanding of life, scientists have broken down many barriers that once separated the physical sciences from the biological sciences; a result of the growth of biochemistry, biophysics, and other interrelated fields of study has been a better understanding of the composition and functioning of living tissues of all kinds. Characteristics of Life Organization is found in the basic living unit, the cellcell, in biology, the unit of structure and function of which all plants and animals are composed. The cell is the smallest unit in the living organism that is capable of integrating the essential life processes. There are many unicellular organisms, e.g. ..... Click the link for more information. , and in the organized groupings of cells into organs and organisms. Metabolism includes the conversion of nonliving material into cellular components (synthesis) and the decomposition of organic matter (catalysis), producing energy. Growth in living matter is an increase in size of all parts, as distinguished from simple addition of material; it results from a higher rate of synthesis than catalysis. Irritability, or response to stimuli, takes many forms, from the contraction of a unicellular organism when touched to complex reactions involving all the senses of higher animals; in plants response is usually much different than in animals but is nonetheless present. Adaptation, the accommodation of a living organism to its present or to a new environment, is fundamental to the process of evolution and is determined by the individual's heredity. The division of one cell to form two new cells is reproduction; usually the term is applied to the production of a new individual (either asexually, from a single parent organism, or sexually, from two differing parent organisms), although strictly speaking it also describes the production of new cells in the process of growth. The Basis of Life Much of the history of biology and of philosophy as related to biology has been marked by a division of thought between vitalistic (or animistic) and mechanistic (or materialistic) concepts. In the most antithetic interpretations of these concepts, the vitalistic school maintains that there is a vital force that distinguishes the living from the nonliving and the mechanistic school holds that there is no essential difference between the animate and inanimate and that all life can be explained by physical and chemical laws. Such diametrically opposed views have actually seldom been held by investigators of either school; elements of both are usually involved. The animistic school, largely predicated on the inexplicability of the basic phenomena of life, has been greatly overshadowed by the accumulating weight of scientific data. As more and more is learned of the minute details of the structure and composition of the substances that make up the cell (to the extent that some have been synthesized chemically), it has become increasingly apparent that living matter is made up of the same (and only those) elements found in inorganic material, except that they are differently organized. The Origin of Life Fundamental religious concepts center around special creation and belief in the infusion of life into inanimate substance by God or another superhuman entity. On the other hand, many scientists have hypothesized that during an early geological period there gradually formed in the atmosphere increasingly complex organic substances composed of available inorganic compounds and water, utilizing ultraviolet rays and electrical discharges as energy sources. At a certain stage they formed a diffuse solution of "nutrient broth." Then in some way they were drawn together and developed the capacity for self-renewal and self-reproduction. In 1953, S. L. Miller synthesized several of the most basic amino acids in a glass flask by introducing an electrical discharge into an atmosphere of water vapor and some simple compounds thought to have been present naturally at the time when life first developed on earth. A more recent theory now widely held is that life originated in a volcanic setting more than 3.5 billion years ago, perhaps in hot deep-sea vents, utilizing a biochemistry based largely on sulfur and iron. The theory that life on earth came in a simple form from another planet has had small currency, although the discovery by Melvin Calvin of molecules resembling genetic material in meteors has given it some force. The oldest confirmed fossils of living things on earth are of stromatolites in Australia that date to c.3.5 billion years ago. Bibliography See M. Calvin, Chemical Evolution (1969); E. Borek, The Sculpture of Life (1973); N. D. Newell, Creation and Evolution (1985); S. W. Fox and K. Dose, Molecular Evolution and the Origins of Life (3d ed. 1990); R. Fortey, Life (1998). Life the highest form of matter (by comparison with the physical and chemical), arising in conformity with regular principles and under particular conditions in the course of evolution. Living objects differ from nonliving objects in the phenomenon of metabolism—an indispensable condition of life—and in the capacity for reproduction, growth, active regulation of composition and functions, various forms of movement, irritability, and adaptability to the environment. However, strictly scientific differentiation of living and non-living matter meets with certain difficulties. Thus, there is to date no unanimous opinion as to whether one may consider viruses to be alive. (Outside the cells of the host’s body, viruses do not possess a single attribute of living things; they lack metabolic processes, they are incapable of reproducing, and so on.) The specific nature of living matter and the life processes may be characterized from the point of view of both material structure and the functions at the basis of all manifestations of life. The most accurate definition of life, which simultaneously embraces both these approaches to the problem, was offered approximately 100 years ago by F. En-gels: “Life is the mode of existence of protein bodies; this mode of existence consists, in essence, in the constant self-renewal of the chemical components of these bodies” (K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 20, p. 82). The term “protein” had not yet been precisely defined, and it was usually applied to protoplasm as a whole. All objects now known that possess the indisputable attributes of life have in their makeup two principal types of biopolymers: proteins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Aware of the incompleteness of his definition, Engels wrote: “Our definition of life is, of course, quite inadequate, inasmuch as it is far from embracing all the phenomena of life; it is, on the contrary, limited to the most general and the most simple among them.… In order to obtain a truly exhaustive concept of life we would have to trace all the forms of its manifestation, from the lowest to the highest” (ibid., p. 84). C. Darwin, in the final lines of The Origin of Species, writes of the principal laws that, in his opinion, lie at the basis of the emergence of all forms of life: “These laws, taken in the largest sense, being Growth and Reproduction; Inheritance, which is almost implied by reproduction; Variability from the indirect and direct action of the conditions of life, and from use and disuse: a Ratio of Increase so high as to lead to a Struggle for Life, and a consequence to Natural Selection” (Soch., vol. 3, Moscow-Leningrad, 1939, p. 666). Leaving aside the role of use and disuse, which, according to the latest data, are factors in nonhereditary variability, Darwin’s generalization retains its force to this day, and his basic laws of life can be reduced to two even more general laws. These are, first of all, the capacity of living matter to assimilate substances obtained from outside itself—that is, to restructure them, assimilating them into its own structure and, in this way, to reproduce them repeatedly; if the initial structure is by change changed (mutated) it reproduces itself in the new form. (The capacity for abundant self-replication is the basis of cell growth, cell reproduction, body reproduction, and, consequently, the ratio of increase—the basic condition for natural selection—as well as the basis of heredity and hereditary mutability; the Soviet biochemist V. A. Engel’gardt regards the reproduction of one’s own kind as the fundamental property of living matter, which is now interpreted in terms of molecular chemistry.) The other characteristic of life consists in the enormous diversity of properties acquired through the variability of the material structures of living things. Each of these fundamental properties is basically connected to the functions of one of the two biopolymers. The “recording” of hereditary properties, that is, the coding of the characteristics of an organism, which is necessary for reproduction, is accomplished by means of DNA and RNA (although in the process of reproduction itself, protein enzymes continuously participate). Thus, it is not the individual molecule of protein, DNA, or RNA, that is alive, but the system as a whole. The realization of the diverse information about the properties of the organism is accomplished by means of synthesis according to the genetic codes of various proteins (enzymes, structural proteins, and so forth), which, owing to their diversity of form and structure, determine the development of the most varied physical and chemical adaptations of living organisms. It is on this foundation that, in the process of evolution, there have arisen living control systems unsurpassed in their perfection. Thus, life is characterized by highly ordered material structures containing two types of biopolymers (proteins and DNA-RNA) which make up a living system capable as a whole of self-replication on the template principle. A characteristic feature of the chemical composition of the known forms of life is the optical asymmetry of the constituent substances, which are represented in living things by levorotatory or dextrorotatory forms. Life is possible only under certain physical and chemical conditions (temperature, the presence of water and a number of salts, and so on). However, the cessation of life processes, such as in the desiccation of seeds or the deep freezing of small organisms, does not lead to a loss of viability. If the structure is preserved undamaged, life processes will resume upon a return to normal conditions. Life qualitatively surpasses other forms of existence of matter in respect to the diversity and complexity of its chemical components and in terms of the dynamics of the transformations that go on in living matter. Living systems are characterized by a much higher level of ordering of the structural and the functional, in space and in time. The structural compactness and energic economy of living matter are results of the highest ordering on the molecular level. One of the important consequences of this compactness is the universal effect of “magnification,” which is characteristic of all living systems. Thus, 5 x 10-15g of DNA contained in the fertilized ovum of a whale contains information for the overwhelming majority of characters of the animal, which weighs 5 x 107g. Consequently, in the presence of the necessary conditions the weight increases by a factor of 1022. “It is precisely in the capacity of living matter to create order out of the chaotic thermal movement of molecules,” writes Engel’gardt, “that the most profound and radical distinction between living matter and nonliving consists. The tendency to regulation, to the creation of order out of chaos, is none other than the counteraction to the increase of entropy” (Kommunist, 1969, no. 3, p. 85). Living systems exchange energy, matter, and information with the environment—that is, they are open systems. At the same time, as distinct from nonliving systems, equalization of energy differences and restructuring in the direction of more probable forms do not occur in living systems; rather, the opposite is observed: differences in energy potential, chemical composition, and so forth are restored, that is, continual work goes on “against equilibrium” (E. Bauer). Erroneous assertions arise on this basis that living systems are not subject to the second law of thermodynamics. However, a local decrease in entropy in living systems is possible only at the expense of an increase in entropy in the environment, so that the process of increasing entropy as a whole continues, which is in accord completely with the requirements of the second law of thermodynamics. According to the figurative expression of the Austrian physicist E. Schrodinger, it is as though living organisms feed on negative entropy (negentropy), drawing it from, and thus increasing the growth of positive entropy in, the environment. Life on earth, which began no less than 1.5–2 billion years ago, is represented by an enormous number of organisms. Each organism can exist only under the condition of a constant and close bond with the environment, that is, with other organisms and with nonliving nature; in this sense, the bond is a two-way system. Life in all its manifestations has produced the most profound changes in the development of our planet, at least in its outer layers. As they become more perfect in the course of evolution, living organisms spread ever more widely over the planet, participating ever more fully in the redistribution of energy and matter in the earth’s crust and in the air and water that blanket the earth. The emergence and spread of vegetation led to a fundamental modification of the composition of the atmosphere (which initially contained very little free oxygen, consisting mainly of carbon dioxide and, probably, methane and ammonia). Plants, which assimilate carbon from CO2, led to the creation of an atmosphere that contains free oxygen and only traces of CO2. Free oxygen in the atmosphere served not only as an active chemical agent but also as a source of ozone, which obstructs the path of shortwave ultraviolet rays to the surface of earth (the “ozone screen”). At the same time, carbon, which accumulated for ages in the remains of plants, formed huge energy stores in the earth’s crust in the form of beds of organic compounds (coal and peat). The plant cover changed the physical and chemical character of the planet: specifically, there was a change in the coefficient of reflection of various parts of the solar spectrum by land surfaces. The development of life in the oceans led to the development of sedimentary rocks that consist of the skeletons and other remains of marine organisms. These deposits, and their subjection to mechanical pressure and to chemical and physical transformations, altered the surface of the earth’s crust. Active selective absorption of matter by organisms caused a redistribution of matter in the surface layers of the crust. All this testifies to the presence on earth of a special sheath, which the Soviet geochemist V. I. Vernadskii called the biosphere, in which life phenomena evolved and continue to evolve. In the course of the evolution of living organisms the processes of regulation and adaptation to external conditions improved continuously; this, in free-moving animals, favored the development of a central nervous system. The development of the most perfected form of higher nervous activity in man’s ancestors under the influence of communal labor created the prerequisites for the transition of life to a new, social, level, which is associated with a new form of movement peculiar to man and qualitatively distinct from the biological movement characteristic of other forms of life. After the transition to this level, with the emergence of social consciousness, it becomes possible to predict development and to create new forms of regulation and adaptation capable of ensuring advantages that are impossible in the process of purely biological development. REFERENCESEngels, F. Dialektika prirody. K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 20. Engels, F. Anti-Diihring. K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 20. Lenin, V. I. Materialism i empiriokrititsizm. Poln. sobr. soch., 5th ed., vol. 18. Vernadskii, V. l.Biosfera, vols. 1–2. Leningrad, 1926. Bauer, E. S. Teoreticheskaia biologiia. Moscow-Leningrad, 1935. Schrodinger, E. Chto takoe zhizn’s tochki zreniia fiziki? Moscow, 1947. (Translated from English.) Shmal’gauzen, I. I. Kiberneticheskie voprosy biologii. Novosibirsk, 1968. Malinovskii, A. A. “Nekotorye voprosy organizatsii biologicheskikh sistem.” In the collection Organizatsiia i upravlenie. Moscow, 1968. Engel’gardt, V. “Problema zhizni v sovremennom estestvoznanii.” Kommunist, 1969, no. 3. Bertalanffy, L. von. Problems of Life. New York [I960].A. A. MALINOVSKII
Life an American weekly picture magazine, published from 1936 to 1972 in New York by Time Inc. Life published photo essays on problems of international relations, US domestic and foreign policy, science, literature, and art, as well as entertainment features. One of the magazine’s main purposes was to advocate “the American way of life.” In 1973 financial difficulties brought an end to the magazine’s publication. LifeClothoone of the three Fates, spins the thread that represents the life of each individual. [Gk. Myth.: NCE, 927]life1. the state or quality that distinguishes living beings or organisms from dead ones and from inorganic matter, characterized chiefly by metabolism, growth, and the ability to reproduce and respond to stimuli 2. a. a biography b. (as modifier): a life story 3. all living things, taken as a whole 4. sparkle, as of wines 5. Arts drawn or taken from a living model 6. (in certain games) one of a number of opportunities of participation LIFE (language)Logic of Inheritance, Functions and Equations.
An object-oriented, functional, constraint-basedlanguage by Hassan Ait-Kacy et al of MCC,Austin TX, 1987. LIFE integrates ideas from LOGIN andLeFun.
Mailing list: life-users@prl.dec.com.
See also Wild_LIFE.
["Is There a Meaning to LIFE?", H. Ait-Kacy et al, Intl Confon Logic Prog, 1991].Life (games)The first popular cellular automata basedartificial life "game". Life was invented by Britishmathematician John Horton Conway in 1970 and was firstintroduced publicly in "Scientific American" later that year.
Conway first devised what he called "The Game of Life" and"ran" it using plates placed on floor tiles in his house.Because of he ran out of floor space and kept stepping on theplates, he later moved to doing it on paper or on acheckerboard, and then moved to running Life as a computerprogram on a PDP-7. That first implementation of Life as acomputer program was written by M. J. T. Guy andS. R. Bourne (the author of Unix's Bourne shell).
Life uses a rectangular grid of binary (live or dead) cellseach of which is updated at each step according to theprevious state of its eight neighbours as follows: a live cellwith less than two, or more than three, live neighbours dies.A dead cell with exactly three neighbours becomes alive.Other cells do not change.
While the rules are fairly simple, the patterns that can ariseare of a complexity resembling that of organic systems -- hencethe name "Life".
Many hackers pass through a stage of fascination with Life,and hackers at various places contributed heavily to themathematical analysis of this game (most notably Bill Gosperat MIT, who even implemented Life in TECO!; seeGosperism). When a hacker mentions "life", he is morelikely to mean this game than the magazine, the breakfastcereal, the 1950s-era board game or the human state ofexistence.
Yahoo!.
Demonstration.
["Scientific American" 223, October 1970, p120-123, 224;February 1971 p121-117, Martin Gardner].
["The Garden in The Machine: the Emerging Science ofArtificial Life", Claus Emmeche, 1994].
["Winning Ways, For Your Mathematical Plays", ElwynR. Berlekamp, John Horton Conway and Richard K. Guy, 1982].
["The Recursive Universe: Cosmic Complexity and the Limits ofScientific Knowledge", William Poundstone, 1985].life (jargon)The opposite of Usenet. As in "Get a life!"life
life (līf), 1. Vitality, the essential condition of being alive; the state of existence characterized by such functions as metabolism, growth, reproduction, adaptation, and response to stimuli. 2. Living organisms such as animals and plants. [A.S. lif] life (līf)n. pl. lives (līvz) a. The property or quality that distinguishes living organisms from dead organisms and inanimate matter, manifested in functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli or adaptation to the environment originating from within the organism.b. The characteristic state or condition of a living organism.adj. Of or relating to animate existence; involved in or necessary for living: life processes.Industry The duration of a product or material in its as-manufactured form SciSpeak The duration of a substance in a system Vox populi A constellation of vital phenomena—organization, irritability, movement, growth, reproduction, adaptationlife 1. A constellation of vital phenomena–organization, irritability, movement, growth, reproduction, adaptation. See Quality of life, Sex life, Sexual life.2. The duration of a product or material in its as-manufactured form. See Shelf life.3. The duration of a substance in a system. See Biological half-life.
LIFE Cardiology A clinical trial–Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension comparing the effects of 2 antihypertensives on cardiovascular M&M. See Antihypertensive, Atenolol, Hypertension, Losartan. life (līf) 1. The quality or condition proper to living beings; the state of existence characterized by such functions as metabolism, growth, reproduction, adaptation, and response to stimuli. 2. Living organisms such as animals and plants. [A.S. lif]life A self-replicating chemical system capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution. This is but one of many proposed definitions of the term.life the continuation of the collective activities of an organism.Patient discussion about lifeQ. So now it’s for life? Just like that, out of the blue my doctor told me a few months ago that I apparently I have diabetes (although I’m already 37), and that I’ll need to inject insulin to control my blood sugar. Moreover, I’ll have to restrict my diet and plan everything I put inside my mouth ahead. So far I manage with it, but it interfere with my life so much I don’t how long I can keep this way- it’s like I lost the possibility to be spontaneous in my llife. How do you cope with it?A. Hi, I share similar feelings- I was also diagnosed with type 1 diabetes a couple of years ago at 35, and indeed I have to plan my meals ahead. I don’t have any magical solution, but I can at least tell you that’s once you (and your environment) make some helpful technical changes, it feels less of a problem. But hey, at least we had our twenties to live freely :) Q. Is it for life? I was recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, and started taking meds (MTX and others). How long will I have to take these medications?A. sadly, i can't give you better news then mrfoot56 and brwnis65. these medication are for life. but there are all sort of new treatments that are now researched, using biological ways to reduce the immunoglobolins complexes that accumulates in your joints, here is an article about top 10 advances of 2007: http://www.arthritis.org/media/newsroom/news-releases/Top_10_Arthritis_Advances_of_2007.pdf
Q. Give life to her please! Here is a really confusing question to you all. But your reply is a life for her. I know someone who is bipolar and she thinks that her ‘brother’ sexually molested her when they were kids. Can this be a delusion? Or hallucinating?A. Im going to answer this question a little different;What if she is telling the truth,and her brother is planning on no body believing her? because she has this disease?---keep that in mind when you take her to the DR--mrfoot56 More discussions about lifeLife
LIFE. The aggregate of the animal functions which resist death. Bichat. 2. The state of animated beings, while they possess the power of feeling and motion. It commences in contemplation of law generally as soon as the infant is able to stir in the mother's womb; 1 Bl. Com. 129; 3 Inst. 50; Wood's Inst. 11; and ceases at death. Lawyers and legislators are not, however, the best physiologists, and it may be justly suspected that in fact life commences before the mother can perceive any motion of the foetus. 1 Beck's Med. Jur. 291. 3. For many purposes, however, life is considered as begun from the moment of conception in ventre sa mere. Vide Foetus. But in order to acquire and transfer civil rights the child must be born alive. Whether a child is born alive, is to be ascertained from certain signs which are always attendant upon life. The fact of the child's crying is the most certain. There may be a certain motion in a new born infant which may last even for hours, and yet there may not be complete life. It seems that in order to commence life the child must be born with the ability to breathe, and must actually have breathed. 1 Briand, Med. Leg. 1ere partie, c. 6, art. 1. 4. Life is presumed to continue at least till one hundred years. 9 Mart. Lo. R. 257 See Death; Survivorship. 5. Life is considered by the law of the utmost importance, and its most anxious care is to protect it. 1 Bouv. Inst. n. 202-3. FinancialSeeLife insuranceLIFE
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LIFE➣Lifetime Television (cable network channel) | LIFE➣Life and Health Insurance Foundation for Education | LIFE➣Love Is for Everyone (various organizations) | LIFE➣Living Is for Everyone (various organizations) | LIFE➣Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (drug trial) | LIFE➣Literacy Initiative for Empowerment (UNESCO) | LIFE➣Living in Full Expectation (ministry) | LIFE➣Living in Faith Everyday | LIFE➣Life is for Everyone (anti-abortion group) | LIFE➣Living Intentionally for Excellence (life leadership) | LIFE➣Learning in Informal and Formal Environments | LIFE➣Living in Faith Everywhere (ministry) | LIFE➣Living in Fear Everyday | LIFE➣Laboratory for International Fuzzy Engineering | LIFE➣Living Isn't for Ever | LIFE➣Literacy Is for Everyone | LIFE➣Lingnan Institute of Further Education (Hong Kong) | LIFE➣Laser-Induced Fluorescence Emission | LIFE➣Legal Immigration Family Equity Act of 2000 | LIFE➣Lasallian Institute for the Environment | LIFE➣Leaders in Fitness Education (Australia) | LIFE➣Learning Institute for the Fullness of Life and Empowerment (Philippines) | LIFE➣Living Implants From Engineering | LIFE➣Laser IRCM (Infrared Countermeasures) Flyout Experiment | LIFE➣Lifting Individuals for Eternity | LIFE➣Community Financial Instrument for the Environment | LIFE➣Light-Ion Facility Europe | LIFE➣Living In Fullness Everyday | LIFE➣Laser Infrared Flyout Experiment | LIFE➣Live in Freedom Everyday | LIFE➣Likelihood Function Estimation | LIFE➣Live in Full Effect | LIFE➣Living in Faithful Evangelism | LIFE➣Leaders in Freshman Engineering (Texas A&M) | LIFE➣Long Island Fiber Exchange Inc. | LIFE➣Long Island Funders Exchange (New York) | LIFE➣Local Independent Framing Expert | LIFE➣Less Intensive Farming and Environment Project | LIFE➣Lawrence Inter-Faith Endeavor (food bank in Lawrence County, Indiana, USA) | LIFE➣Livingston's Informed Friends of the Environment | LIFE➣Living Injury Free Everyday | LIFE➣Lessons Intended for Everyone (R. King & Associates) | LIFE➣Learning Immune Functioning Enhancement | LIFE➣Living in Freedom Everlasting | LIFE➣Loyalty Integrity Fairness Excellence (Nassau County Police Department's Mission Statement, Long Island, NY, USA) | LIFE➣Laboratory Initiated Fetal Emplacement | LIFE➣Look.Inward.For.Evolution (self-development workshops conceived by Alan Mallinick) | LIFE➣Legacies Involving Future Empowerment | LIFE➣Lobby for the Individual Freedom and Equality | LIFE➣Linear Information Flow Edge-Following (network communication algorithm) | LIFE➣Love Is Forever Evolving (blog) |
life
Synonyms for lifenoun beingSynonyms- being
- existence
- living
- breath
- entity
- vitality
- animation
- viability
- sentience
noun living thingsSynonyms- living things
- creatures
- wildlife
- organisms
- living beings
noun existenceSynonyms- existence
- being
- lifetime
- time
- days
- course
- span
- duration
- continuance
noun way of lifeSynonyms- way of life
- situation
- conduct
- behaviour
- life style
noun livelinessSynonyms- liveliness
- activity
- energy
- spirit
- go
- pep
- sparkle
- vitality
- animation
- vigour
- verve
- zest
- high spirits
- get-up-and-go
- oomph
- brio
- vivacity
noun biographySynonyms- biography
- story
- history
- career
- profile
- confessions
- autobiography
- memoirs
- life story
noun period of usefulnessSynonyms- period of usefulness
- existence
- duration
noun spiritSynonyms- spirit
- heart
- soul
- essence
- core
- lifeblood
- moving spirit
- vital spark
- animating spirit
- élan vital
noun personSynonyms- person
- human
- individual
- soul
- human being
- mortal
phrase come to lifeSynonyms- rouse
- revive
- awaken
- become active
- become animate
- show signs of life
phrase for dear lifeSynonyms- desperately
- quickly
- vigorously
- urgently
- intensely
- for all you are worth
phrase give your lifeSynonyms- lay down your life
- die
- sacrifice yourself
phrase that's lifeSynonyms- that's the way things are
- that's it
- that's the way the cookie crumbles
Synonyms for lifenoun a lively, emphatic, eager quality or mannerSynonyms- animation
- bounce
- brio
- dash
- élan
- esprit
- liveliness
- pertness
- sparkle
- spirit
- verve
- vigor
- vim
- vivaciousness
- vivacity
- zip
- ginger
- pep
- peppiness
- oomph
noun a member of the human raceSynonyms- being
- body
- creature
- homo
- human
- human being
- individual
- man
- mortal
- party
- person
- personage
- soul
noun the period during which someone or something existsSynonyms- day
- duration
- existence
- lifetime
- span
- term
Synonyms for lifenoun a characteristic state or mode of livingRelated Words- being
- beingness
- existence
- ghetto
noun the experience of being aliveSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun the course of existence of an individualRelated Wordsnoun the condition of living or the state of being aliveSynonymsRelated Words- being
- beingness
- existence
- eternal life
- life eternal
- skin
- survival
- endurance
noun the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death)Synonyms- lifespan
- lifetime
- life-time
Related Words- period
- period of time
- time period
- birth
- demise
- dying
- death
- afterlife
- hereafter
- time of life
- eld
- age
noun the period between birth and the present timeRelated Words- period
- period of time
- time period
- past
noun the period from the present until deathRelated Words- period
- period of time
- time period
- days
- years
noun a living personRelated Words- individual
- mortal
- person
- somebody
- someone
- soul
noun animation and energy in action or expressionSynonyms- sprightliness
- liveliness
- spirit
Related Words- brio
- invigoration
- spiritedness
- vivification
- animation
- pertness
- airiness
- delicacy
- alacrity
- briskness
- smartness
- vim
- muscularity
- vigor
- vigour
- energy
- elan
- esprit
- breeziness
- jauntiness
- irrepressibility
- buoyancy
- high-spiritedness
- ebullience
- enthusiasm
- exuberance
- pep
- peppiness
- ginger
noun living things collectivelyRelated Words- animate thing
- living thing
- wildlife
noun the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving onesRelated Words- organic phenomenon
- biology
- aerobiosis
noun an account of the series of events making up a person's lifeSynonyms- biography
- life history
- life story
Related Words- account
- chronicle
- history
- story
- autobiography
- hagiography
- profile
noun a motive for livingRelated Wordsnoun a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner livesSynonymsRelated Words |