Kung Chin Hui

(Union of Common Progress), a Chinese revolutionary organization established in Tokyo in 1907 by some of the landlord-bourgeois revolutionaries who had left the T’ung Meng Hui because they could not support its slogan of “equal rights to the land.” In its place they offered the formula, “equality of human rights.” After 1908 the group began to operate in the provinces of the Yangtze basin, trying to organize secret societies for the overthrow of the Manchu (Ch’ing) dynasty. However, by the beginning of the Hsinhai Revolution (1911–13), its activity was limited to the provinces of Hupeh and Hunan, where the main object of its propaganda was the government’s “new army.” Together with the Wenhsüehshe, it planned and led the Wuchang Uprising of 1911. Soon after the victory of the rebellion,’ however, the organization fell apart. Its leaders and part of its membership, frightened by the extent of the popular struggle, joined political organizations supporting the leaders of the counterrevolution Yuan Shih-k’ai and Li Yüan-hung.