| 释义 |
ontologyenUK
on·tol·o·gy O0083200 (ŏn-tŏl′ə-jē)n. The branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature of being.
on·tol′o·gist n.ontology (ɒnˈtɒlədʒɪ) n1. (Philosophy) philosophy the branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature of being2. (Logic) logic the set of entities presupposed by a theory ˌontoˈlogical adj ˌontoˈlogically advon•tol•o•gy (ɒnˈtɒl ə dʒi)
n. 1. the branch of metaphysics that studies the nature of existence or being as such. 2. (loosely) metaphysics. [1715–25; < New Latin ontologia. See onto-, -logy] on•to•log•i•cal (ˌɒn tlˈɒdʒ ɪ kəl) on`to•log′ic, adj. on•tol′o•gist, n. ontology, phenomenology - Ontology is the branch of metaphysics concerned with the nature or essence of being or existence, the opposite of phenomenology, the science of phenomena.See also related terms for phenomena.ontologyphilosophical inquiry into the nature of being itself, a branch of metaphysics. — ontologist, n. — ontologie, ontological, ontologistic, adj.See also: PhilosophyontologyThe branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of being.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | ontology - (computer science) a rigorous and exhaustive organization of some knowledge domain that is usually hierarchical and contains all the relevant entities and their relationsorganization, arrangement, organisation, system - an organized structure for arranging or classifying; "he changed the arrangement of the topics"; "the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original"; "he tried to understand their system of classification"computer science, computing - the branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures | | 2. | ontology - the metaphysical study of the nature of being and existencemetaphysics - the philosophical study of being and knowing |
Translations
ontologyenUK
ontology: see metaphysicsmetaphysics
, branch of philosophy concerned with the ultimate nature of existence. It perpetuates the Metaphysics of Aristotle, a collection of treatises placed after the Physics [Gr.
..... Click the link for more information. .ontology the branch of philosophy (and metaphysics) concerned to establish the nature of the fundamental kinds of thing which exist in the world (e.g. do MINDS exist?). Examples of philosophical ontological theory are PLATO's theory of ‘forms’, or recently, SCIENTIFIC REALISM, which asks what kinds of thing are presupposed by scientific theories. Ontological arguments are also an explicit (or implicit) feature of sociological theory itself, e.g. DURKHEIM's conception of'social facts, WEBER's (or the SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST'S) emphasis on individual actors, or MARX's materialism and emphasis on modes and relations in production. One argument (HUME's view) is that ontological inquiries are bound to be inconclusive, or are even pointless. Against this, the clarification of underlying assumptions is often important. Undoubtedly debate in sociology since COMTE, much of it broadly ontological in nature, has done much to clarify the nature, while also underlining the very great complexity, of social reality (social action, social structures, etc.). However, it has done so not as a separate realm of inquiry, but as an inherent part of sociological inquiry properly conducted. Philosophy can inform these discussions, but it is no longer regarded as the kind of final arbiter it was once assumed to be. The expectation must be that ontologies will change as knowledge and individual sciences and modes of study change (compare EPISTEMOLOGY, KUHN, FEYERABEND). Ontology a subdivision of philosophy that studies universal principles of being, its structure and its laws. Essentially, ontology expresses a picture of the world that corresponds to a particular level in the knowledge of reality and that is recorded in a system of philosophical categories characteristic of a particular period and philosophical tradition (for example, materialism and idealism). In this sense, every philosophical and, in general, every theoretical system rests on certain ontological concepts that constitute its stable content foundation but that change as cognition develops. The term “ontology” was first used in the philosophical lexicon (1613) of R. Goclenius (Germany) as a synonym for metaphysics. It gained currency in the school of C. Wolff, for whom ontology came to signify the primary fundamental part of metaphysics, concerned with definitions of being as such. Until the early 19th century, ontology developed on the basis of speculation and consisted chiefly of ideas concerning the hidden essences of things. The flimsiness of these teachings on being was criticized by German classical philosophy and was fully surmounted by Marxism, which demonstrated the necessary ties among and unity of ontology, epistemology, and logic and, consequently, the dependence of ontological concepts on the existing level and forms of cognition. In the 20th century the heightened level of abstract scientific cognition has presented certain basic ontological problems—the construction of an adequate ontological interpretation of abstract concepts of modern science (for example, cosmology and the physics of elementary particles) and the creation of a theoretical foundation for modern methodological approaches and trends (for example, the ontological basis of a systems approach, or of cybernetics). The issue of ontology is discussed in contemporary Marxist literature. Although some Marxist philosophers believe that ontology is not entitled to an independent existence, others assert that it should be a special branch of dialectical materialism. Attempts to restate problems of ontology in a new, primarily subjective, personal vein, as a matter of the strata and levels of being of the personality, are characteristic of a number of schools of modern bourgeois philosophy, particularly phenomenology, existentialism, and personalism. This line of thought reflects the world view of the pessimistic, alienated individual. E. G. IUDIN ontology1. Philosophy the branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature of being 2. Logic the set of entities presupposed by a theory ontology (philosophy)A systematic account of Existence.ontology (artificial intelligence)(From philosophy) An explicitformal specification of how to represent the objects, conceptsand other entities that are assumed to exist in some area ofinterest and the relationships that hold among them.
For AI systems, what "exists" is that which can berepresented. When the knowledge about a domain isrepresented in a declarative language, the set of objectsthat can be represented is called the universe of discourse.We can describe the ontology of a program by defining a set ofrepresentational terms. Definitions associate the names ofentities in the universe of discourse (e.g. classes,relations, functions or other objects) with human-readabletext describing what the names mean, and formal axioms thatconstrain the interpretation and well-formed use of theseterms. Formally, an ontology is the statement of a logical theory.
A set of agents that share the same ontology will be able tocommunicate about a domain of discourse without necessarilyoperating on a globally shared theory. We say that an agentcommits to an ontology if its observable actions areconsistent with the definitions in the ontology. The idea ofontological commitment is based on the Knowledge-Levelperspective.ontology (information science)The hierarchical structuring ofknowledge about things by subcategorising them according totheir essential (or at least relevant and/or cognitive)qualities. See subject index. This is an extension of theprevious senses of "ontology" (above) which has become commonin discussions about the difficulty of maintaining subject indices.ontologyFrom the Greek words "onto" and "logia," which means the study of being (that which is), an ontology defines the relationships between things. The terms taxonomy and ontology are often used to represent a formal classification of some subject; however, a taxonomy typically defines one category of items in a hierarchical tree structure; whereas an ontology shows the relationships between items in different categories in a graph model.
Ontological Vocabularies
There are numerous vocabularies on the Web that define the data interrelationships on the Semantic Web. Whereas the World Wide Web links Web pages together, the Semantic Web links the data on the Web that are related. See taxonomy, linked open data and Semantic Web.ontologyenUK
on·tol·o·gy (on-tol'ŏ-jē), A traditional branch of metaphysics that deals with problems of being, existence, inner nature, meaning, etc. It is fundamental to problems involving normality and disease, individuality, responsibility, and the analysis of values. In recent years, it has been slowly assuming a place as a branch of medicine proper.ontology A formal specification of how to represent relationships among objects, concepts, and other entities belonging to a particular area of human experience or knowledge.AcronymsSeeOntoontologyenUK
Related to ontology: metaphysicsWords related to ontologynoun (computer science) a rigorous and exhaustive organization of some knowledge domain that is usually hierarchical and contains all the relevant entities and their relationsRelated Words- organization
- arrangement
- organisation
- system
- computer science
- computing
noun the metaphysical study of the nature of being and existenceRelated Words |