Koons, Jeff

Koons, Jeff,

1955–, American artist, b. York, Pa., studied Maryland Institute College of Art (B.F.A., 1976), Art Institute of Chicago. He moved to New York City in 1977 and has lived and worked there since. Koons has been damned and praised with equal fervor by critics, called shallow, cynical, and the bad boy of American art by some and post-ironic, awesome, and a post-pop superstar by others. His work may be characterized as an updated postmodern synthesis of surrealismsurrealism
, literary and art movement influenced by Freudianism and dedicated to the expression of imagination as revealed in dreams, free of the conscious control of reason and free of convention.
..... Click the link for more information. , DadaDada
or Dadaism
, international nihilistic movement among European artists and writers that lasted from 1916 to 1922. Born of the widespread disillusionment engendered by World War I, it originated in Zürich with a 1916 party at the Cabaret Voltaire and the
..... Click the link for more information. , pop artpop art,
movement that restored realism to avant-garde art; it first emerged in Great Britain at the end of the 1950s as a reaction against the seriousness of abstract expressionism.
..... Click the link for more information. and good old-fashioned American kitsch.

Inspired by Marcel DuchampDuchamp, Marcel
, 1887–1968, French painter, brother of Raymond Duchamp-Villon and half-brother of Jacques Villon. Duchamp is noted for his cubist-futurist painting Nude Descending a Staircase,
..... Click the link for more information. 's ready-mades, Koons's early works consisted of actual toys and household appliances backed with mirrors and enclosed in plastic vitrines. He has often produced works in series, including "Statuary" (1986), stainless-steel versions of novelty-item sculptures; "Banality" (1988), sculptures resembling oversized dime-store gimcracks, notably a life-sized gold-plated porcelain figure of pop star Michael Jackson and his pet chimpanzee; "Made in Heaven" (1989–91), mainly sexually explicit paintings, sculpture, and photographs of himself and Italian porn star "La Cicciolina," whom he subsequently married and soon divorced; "Celebration" (1994–2006), large paintings and sculptures of toys, food, and other things that delight children, among them Rabbit (2003) and other huge stainless-steel balloon animals in deeply saturated colors; and "Hulk Elvis" (2007), brilliantly colored, collagelike oil paintings, many featuring cartoon superheroes. One of his best-known sculptures, Puppy (1992), is a 43-ft-high (13-m) seated terrier pup blanketed with thousands of flowering plants. The 34-ft-high (10 m) Bouquet of Flowers, a tribute to the victims of terrorist attacks in France in 2015–16, depicts 11 balloon tulips held by a huge hand and is slated to be installed in the Petit Palais gardens, Paris; a controversial "gift" from Koons, it required the raising of funds to realize and install it.

Koons makes a point of avoiding all traces of the artist's hand. Much of his work is conceived on computer and executed by squads of craftsmen. Something in Koons's works, perhaps their appeal to mass culture or the ease with which they can be understood, has struck a chord with certain collectors, and his works have fetched multimillion-dollar prices in galleries and and set auction records. His stainless-steel Hanging Heart (1994–2006) was sold at auction in 2007 for $23.6 million, and an orange-colored stainless-steel balloon dog was auctioned in 2013 for more than $58 million, a record for a living artist. A large retrospective of his work was held at New York's Whitney Museum in 2014.

Bibliography

See his Jeff Koons Handbook (1993); S. Rothkopf, ed., Jeff Koons: A Retrospective (museum catalog, 2014); studies by T. Krens et al. (2000), T. Kellein, ed. (2003), S. Canarutto (2006), I. Sischy et al. (2008).

单词	koons, jeff
释义	Koons, Jeff Koons, Jeff, 1955–, American artist, b. York, Pa., studied Maryland Institute College of Art (B.F.A., 1976), Art Institute of Chicago. He moved to New York City in 1977 and has lived and worked there since. Koons has been damned and praised with equal fervor by critics, called shallow, cynical, and the bad boy of American art by some and post-ironic, awesome, and a post-pop superstar by others. His work may be characterized as an updated postmodern synthesis of surrealismsurrealism , literary and art movement influenced by Freudianism and dedicated to the expression of imagination as revealed in dreams, free of the conscious control of reason and free of convention. ..... Click the link for more information. , DadaDada or Dadaism , international nihilistic movement among European artists and writers that lasted from 1916 to 1922. Born of the widespread disillusionment engendered by World War I, it originated in Zürich with a 1916 party at the Cabaret Voltaire and the ..... Click the link for more information. , pop artpop art, movement that restored realism to avant-garde art; it first emerged in Great Britain at the end of the 1950s as a reaction against the seriousness of abstract expressionism. ..... Click the link for more information. and good old-fashioned American kitsch. Inspired by Marcel DuchampDuchamp, Marcel , 1887–1968, French painter, brother of Raymond Duchamp-Villon and half-brother of Jacques Villon. Duchamp is noted for his cubist-futurist painting Nude Descending a Staircase, ..... Click the link for more information. 's ready-mades, Koons's early works consisted of actual toys and household appliances backed with mirrors and enclosed in plastic vitrines. He has often produced works in series, including "Statuary" (1986), stainless-steel versions of novelty-item sculptures; "Banality" (1988), sculptures resembling oversized dime-store gimcracks, notably a life-sized gold-plated porcelain figure of pop star Michael Jackson and his pet chimpanzee; "Made in Heaven" (1989–91), mainly sexually explicit paintings, sculpture, and photographs of himself and Italian porn star "La Cicciolina," whom he subsequently married and soon divorced; "Celebration" (1994–2006), large paintings and sculptures of toys, food, and other things that delight children, among them Rabbit (2003) and other huge stainless-steel balloon animals in deeply saturated colors; and "Hulk Elvis" (2007), brilliantly colored, collagelike oil paintings, many featuring cartoon superheroes. One of his best-known sculptures, Puppy (1992), is a 43-ft-high (13-m) seated terrier pup blanketed with thousands of flowering plants. The 34-ft-high (10 m) Bouquet of Flowers, a tribute to the victims of terrorist attacks in France in 2015–16, depicts 11 balloon tulips held by a huge hand and is slated to be installed in the Petit Palais gardens, Paris; a controversial "gift" from Koons, it required the raising of funds to realize and install it. Koons makes a point of avoiding all traces of the artist's hand. Much of his work is conceived on computer and executed by squads of craftsmen. Something in Koons's works, perhaps their appeal to mass culture or the ease with which they can be understood, has struck a chord with certain collectors, and his works have fetched multimillion-dollar prices in galleries and and set auction records. His stainless-steel Hanging Heart (1994–2006) was sold at auction in 2007 for $23.6 million, and an orange-colored stainless-steel balloon dog was auctioned in 2013 for more than $58 million, a record for a living artist. A large retrospective of his work was held at New York's Whitney Museum in 2014. Bibliography See his Jeff Koons Handbook (1993); S. Rothkopf, ed., Jeff Koons: A Retrospective (museum catalog, 2014); studies by T. Krens et al. (2000), T. Kellein, ed. (2003), S. Canarutto (2006), I. Sischy et al. (2008).
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