ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome


ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

iatrogenic development of ovarian hyperstimulation that occurs when the luteotropic effects of human chorionic gonadotropin are exaggerated in a cycle in which ovarian stimulation has been done as a component of infertility treatment. The human chorionic gonadotropin is administered exogeneously to trigger ovulation after gonadotropin stimulation. It is present endogenously after implantation. Syndrome includes, to varying degrees, abdominal distention, potentially massive ovarian enlargement, and third spacing of vascular volume. It can range from moderate discomfort to life-threatening ovarian enlargement and fluid shifts.

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

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OHSS

A potentially life-threatening complication that may occur in women receiving drugs to stimulate ovulation. The acute onset occurs within the first week ovulation is induced and is characterized by marked cystic ovarian enlargement, ascites, hydrothorax, arterial hypotension, tachycardia, hemoconcentration, oliguria, sodium retention, hypernatremia, and in severe cases renal failure. The condition is usually mild if the diameter of the ovary is less than 8 cm; moderate if 8 to 12 cm; and severe if greater than 12 cm.

Treatment includes symptomatic therapy to maintain circulatory function, bedrest, a low-sodium diet, and diuretic therapy. The life-threatening possibility can be avoided with close monitoring and withholding of drugs if ovarian response becomes excessive.

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Ovarian enlargement, the production of multiple ovarian cysts, increased capillary permeability with generalized oedema and intravascular fluid depletion, SHOCK, and sometimes even death. The syndrome, which is uncommon, is caused by gonadotropin medical treatment to stimulate ovulation. Rarely, it may occur spontaneously during pregnancy as a result of a mutation in the gene for the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor.