Konovalov Reaction

the substitution of hydrogen by a nitro group in aliphatic or alicyclic compounds, as well as in the side chain of fatty-aromatic compounds during direct nitration with nitric acid:

R − H + HNO₃ → RNO₃ + H₂O

Specifically, the Konovalov reaction is the nitration with dilute nitric acid (12–20 percent) in the liquid phase at 100°-150°C and elevated or standard pressure. The substitution of hydrogen by a nitro group occurs very easily in the tertiary carbon atom but with considerable difficulty in the primary carbon atom. Fatty-aromatic compounds undergo nitration in the a-position of the side chain.

The Konovalov reaction is used in industry for the preparation of nitro compounds, during which the process is carried out in the vapor phase (> 400°C). M. I. Konovalov discovered the reaction in 1888.

REFERENCES

Reaktsii i metody issledovaniia organicheskikh soedinenii, book 7. Moscow, 1958. Pages 133–222.
Khimiia uglevodorodov nefti, vol. 3. Moscow, 1959. (Translated from English.)

单词	konovalov reaction
释义	Konovalov Reaction Konovalov Reaction the substitution of hydrogen by a nitro group in aliphatic or alicyclic compounds, as well as in the side chain of fatty-aromatic compounds during direct nitration with nitric acid: R − H + HNO₃ → RNO₃ + H₂O Specifically, the Konovalov reaction is the nitration with dilute nitric acid (12–20 percent) in the liquid phase at 100°-150°C and elevated or standard pressure. The substitution of hydrogen by a nitro group occurs very easily in the tertiary carbon atom but with considerable difficulty in the primary carbon atom. Fatty-aromatic compounds undergo nitration in the a-position of the side chain. The Konovalov reaction is used in industry for the preparation of nitro compounds, during which the process is carried out in the vapor phase (> 400°C). M. I. Konovalov discovered the reaction in 1888. REFERENCES Reaktsii i metody issledovaniia organicheskikh soedinenii, book 7. Moscow, 1958. Pages 133–222. Khimiia uglevodorodov nefti, vol. 3. Moscow, 1959. (Translated from English.)
随便看	hcrra hcrs hcrsh hcrsp hcrss hcrsv hcrt hcrta hcrtf hcrtp hcrv hcrvb hcrw hcrwm hcry hcs hcs2 hcsa hcsae hcsats hcsb hcsbrls hcsbs hcsc hc/sca