单词 | nalbuphine hydrochloride |
释义 | nalbuphine hydrochloridenalbuphine hydrochloride(ˈnælbuːˌfiːn)nalbuphine hydrochloridenalbuphine hydrochloridePharmacologic class: Opioid agonist-antagonist Therapeutic class: Analgesic, adjunct to anesthesia Pregnancy risk category C ActionBinds to opiate receptors in CNS, inhibiting ascending pain pathways. This inhibition alters perception of and response to painful stimuli. AvailabilityInjection: 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml Indications and dosages➣ Moderate to severe pain Adults: 10 mg/70 kg I.V., I.M., or subcutaneously q 3 to 6 hours p.r.n., up to 160 mg/day. Maximum for single dose is 20 mg. ➣ Adjunct to balanced anesthesia Adults: 0.3 mg to 3 mg/kg I.V. over 10 to 15 minutes, followed by maintenance dose of 0.25 mg to 0.50 mg/kg I.V. in single doses p.r.n. Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • increased intracranial pressure, head trauma, myocardial infarction, severe heart disease, respiratory depression, renal or hepatic disease, impaired ventilation, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, prostatic hypertrophy, emotional instability, alcoholism • history of substance abuse or dependence • pregnant or breastfeeding patients • children. AdministrationMake sure emergency resuscitation equipment and naloxone (antidote) are available before starting therapy. • For I.M. use, inject deep into large muscle mass; rotate injection sites. • When giving I.V. for pain, infuse undiluted over 2 to 3 minutes into vein or I.V. line with compatible solution (such as dextrose 5% in water, normal saline solution, or lactated Ringer's solution). ![]() Adverse reactionsCNS: dizziness, sedation, headache, vertigo CV: hypertension, hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia EENT: miosis GI: nausea, vomiting, dry mouth Respiratory: dyspnea, respiratory depression Skin: sweating, clammy skin Other: hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis InteractionsDrug-drug. CNS depressants (including general anesthetics, MAO inhibitors, sedative-hypnotics, tranquilizers, tricyclic antidepressants): additive CNS effects Drug-diagnostic tests. Amylase, lipase: increased levels Drug-herbs. Chamomile, hops, kava, skullcap, valerian: increased CNS depression Drug-behaviors. Alcohol use: additive CNS and respiratory depression Patient monitoring• Monitor vital signs. Watch for respiratory depression and heart rate changes. • Evaluate patient for CNS changes. Institute safety measures as needed to prevent injury. Watch for hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis. Patient teaching• Instruct patient to change position slowly and carefully to avoid dizziness from sudden blood pressure decrease. • Tell patient to avoid CNS depressants (including alcohol, sedative-hypnotics, and some herbs) for at least 24 hours after taking nalbuphine. • Advise patient to consult prescriber before taking herbs. • Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration, vision, and alertness. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, herbs, and behaviors mentioned above. nal·bu·phine hydrochloride(năl-byōō′fēn′) |
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