| 释义 |
lethal dose
lethal dose n (Pharmacology) the amount of a drug or other agent that if administered to an animal or human will prove fatal. Abbreviation: LD See also median lethal dose1 Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  lethal dose - the size dose that will cause deathdose, dosage - a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time |
TranslationsLethal Dose
Lethal Dose a dose of any chemical or physical agent that brings about the death of a living organism. Lethal doses are determined in animal experiments for various pharmacological agents, pesticides, and ionizing radiation. Lethal doses vary both with the properties of the agents and with the age, condition, and individual sensitivity of the organism. Therefore, lethal doses must be determined experimentally on a fairly representative number of animals. A distinction is made between minimum lethal dose, which is fatal only to the most sensitive individuals of a species (no more than 10 percent of the experimental animals); median lethal dose, which is fatal to half (LD50) the animals; and absolute lethal dose, which is the smallest amount that will cause the death of all of the experimental animals (LD100). lethal dose
dose [dōs] the quantity to be administered at one time, as a specified amount of medication or a given quantity of radiation.absorbed dose that amount of energy from ionizing radiations absorbed per unit mass of matter, expressed in rads.air dose the intensity of an x-ray or gamma-ray beam in air, expressed in roentgens.booster dose an amount of immunogen (vaccine, toxoid, or other antigen preparation), usually smaller than the original amount, injected at an appropriate interval after primary immunization to sustain the immune response to that immunogen.curative dose (CD) a dose that is sufficient to restore normal health. See also median curative dose.divided dose fractionated dose. effective dose (ED) that quantity of a drug that will produce the effects for which it is administered. See also median effective dose.erythema dose that amount of radiation" >radiation that, when applied to the skin, causes erythema" >erythema (temporary reddening).fatal dose lethal dose.fractionated dose a fraction of the total dose prescribed, as of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, to be given at intervals, usually during a 24-hour period.infective dose (ID) that amount of a pathogenic agent that will cause infection in susceptible subjects. See also median infective dose and tissue culture infective dose.lethal dose (LD) that quantity of an agent that will or may be sufficient to cause death. See also median lethal dose and minimum lethal dose.loading dose a dose of medication, often larger than subsequent doses, administered for the purpose of establishing a therapeutic level of the medication.maintenance dose the amount of a medication administered to maintain a desired level of the medication in the blood.maximum tolerated dose tolerance dose.maximum permissible dose the largest amount of ionizing radiation that one may safely receive within a specified period according to recommended limits in current radiation protection guides. The specific amounts vary with age and circumstance.median curative dose (CD50) a dose that abolishes symptoms in 50 per cent of test subjects.median effective dose (ED50) a dose that produces the desired effect in 50 per cent of a population.median infective dose (ID50) that amount of pathogenic microorganisms that will produce demonstrable infection in 50 per cent of the test subjects.median lethal dose (LD50) the quantity of an agent that will kill 50 per cent of the test subjects; in radiology, the amount of radiation that will kill, within a specified period, 50 per cent of individuals in a large group or population.median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) that amount of a pathogenic agent that will produce infection in 50 per cent of cell cultures inoculated.minimum lethal dose 1. the amount of toxin that will just kill an experimental animal.2. the smallest quantity of diphtheria toxin that will kill a guinea pig of 250-gm weight in 4 to 5 days when injected subcutaneously.reference dose an estimate of the daily exposure to a substance for humans that is assumed to be without appreciable risk; it is calculated using the level" >no observed adverse effect level and is more conservative than the older margin of safety.skin dose (SD) 1. the air dose of radiation at the skin surface, comprising the primary radiation plus backscatter.2. the absorbed dose in the skin.threshold dose the minimum dose of ionizing radiation, a chemical, or a drug that will produce a detectable degree of any given effect.threshold erythema dose (TED) the single skin dose that will produce, in 80 per cent of those tested, a faint but definite erythema within 30 days, and in the other 20 per cent, no visible reaction.tissue culture infective dose (TCID) that amount of a pathogenic agent that will produce infection when inoculated on tissue cultures; used with a numeric qualifier.tolerance dose the largest quantity of an agent that may be administered without harm. Called also maximum tolerated dose.le·thal dose (LD), the dose of a chemical or biological preparation (for example, a bacterial exotoxin or a suspension of bacteria) that is likely to cause death; it varies in relation to the type of animal and the route of administration; when followed by a subscript (generally "LD50" or median lethal dose), it denotes the dose likely to cause death in a certain percentage (for example, 50%) of the test animals; median lethal dose is LD50, absolute lethal dose is LD100, and minimal lethal dose is LD05.le·thal dose (LD) (lē'thăl dōs) The dose of a chemical or biologic preparation (e.g., a bacterial exotoxin or a suspension of bacteria) that is likely to cause death; it varies in relation to the type of animal and the route of administration; when followed by a subscript (generally LD50), it denotes the median LD likely to cause death in a certain percentage (e.g., 50%) of the test animals; median LD is LD50, absolute lethal LD is LD100, and minimal LD is LD05. [L. dosis letalis]lethal dose (LD) the amount of a treatment (e.g. viral inoculation, insecticide) that induces death in a laboratory animal in a standard time. Because the response to treatment is often nonlinear, it is more conventional to measure the amount of a treatment that causes 50% mortality in a standard time, the so-called LD50. In some tests the treatment dosage is fixed and the duration of the treatment period is varied, producing an estimate of lethal time and an LT50 .le·thal dose(LD) (lē'thăl dōs) Amount of chemical or biologic preparation (e.g., a bacterial exotoxin or a suspension of bacteria) likely to cause death; varies in relation to type of animal and route of administration; when followed by a subscript (generally "LD50" or median lethal dose), denotes amount likely to cause death in a certain percentage (e.g., 50%) of the test animals; median lethal dose is LD50, absolute lethal dose is LD100, and minimal lethal dose is LD05. [L. dosis letalis]AcronymsSeelevodopalethal dose
Related to lethal dose: therapeutic index, Lethal Dose 50Words related to lethal dosenoun the size dose that will cause deathRelated Words |