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neptuniumenUK
nep·tu·ni·um N0063100 (nĕp-to͞o′nē-əm, -tyo͞o′-)n. Symbol Np A silvery, metallic, naturally radioactive element, atomic number 93, the first of the transuranium elements. Its longest-lived isotope is Np-237 with a half-life of 2.1 million years. Found in trace quantities in uranium ores, it is produced synthetically by nuclear reactions. See Periodic Table.
[After the planet Neptune (from the fact that it follows uranium in the periodic table).]neptunium (nɛpˈtjuːnɪəm) n (Elements & Compounds) a silvery metallic transuranic element synthesized in the production of plutonium and occurring in trace amounts in uranium ores. Symbol: Np; atomic no: 93; half-life of most stable isotope, 237Np: 2.14 × 106 years; valency: 3, 4, 5, or 6; relative density: 20.25; melting pt: 639±1°C; boiling pt: 3902°C (est)[C20: from Neptune2, the planet beyond Uranus, because neptunium is the element beyond uranium in the periodic table]nep•tu•ni•um (nɛpˈtu ni əm, -ˈtyu-)
n. a short-lived radioactive transuranic element produced in nuclear reactors by the neutron bombardment of U-238. Symbol: Np; at. no.: 93; at. wt.: 237. [1940–45; Neptune + -ium2] nep·tu·ni·um (nĕp-to͞o′nē-əm) Symbol Np A silvery, radioactive metallic element of the actinide series. It occurs naturally in minute amounts in uranium ores and is produced artificially as a by-product of plutonium production. The most stable isotope of neptunium has a half-life of 2.1 million years. Atomic number 93. See Periodic Table.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  neptunium - a radioactive transuranic metallic element; found in trace amounts in uranium ores; a by-product of the production of plutoniumatomic number 93, Npmetal, metallic element - any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc. |
TranslationsneptuniumenUK
neptunium (nĕpto͞o`nēəm), radioactive chemical element; symbol Np; at. no. 93; mass number of most stable isotopeisotope
, in chemistry and physics, one of two or more atoms having the same atomic number but differing in atomic weight and mass number. The concept of isotope was introduced by F.
..... Click the link for more information. 237; m.p. about 640°C;; b.p. 3,902°C; (estimated); sp. gr. 20.25 at 20°C;; valence +3, +4, +5, or +6. Neptunium is a ductile, silvery radioactive metal. It is a member of the actinide seriesactinide series,
a series of radioactive metallic elements in Group 3 of the periodic table. Members of the series are often called actinides, although actinium (at. no. 89) is not always considered a member of the series.
..... Click the link for more information. in Group 3 of the periodic tableperiodic table,
chart of the elements arranged according to the periodic law discovered by Dmitri I. Mendeleev and revised by Henry G. J. Moseley. In the periodic table the elements are arranged in columns and rows according to increasing atomic number (see the table entitled
..... Click the link for more information. . Neptunium has three distinct forms (see allotropyallotropy
[Gr.,=other form]. A chemical element is said to exhibit allotropy when it occurs in two or more forms in the same physical state; the forms are called allotropes.
..... Click the link for more information. ); the orthorhombic crystalline structure occurs at room temperature. There are 20 known isotopes of neptunium. Neptunium-237, the most stable, has a half-life of 2.14 million years and is used in neutron-detection equipment. Neptunium forms numerous chemical compounds, and is found in very small quantities in nature in association with uranium ores. The element was discovered in 1940 by Edwin M. McMillanMcMillan, Edwin Mattison,
1907–91, American physicist, b. Redondo Beach, Calif., grad. California Institute of Technology, 1928, Ph.D. Princeton, 1932. On the faculty of the Univ.
..... Click the link for more information. and Philip H. Abelson, who produced neptunium-239 (half-lifehalf-life,
measure of the average lifetime of a radioactive substance (see radioactivity) or an unstable subatomic particle. One half-life is the time required for one half of any given quantity of the substance to decay.
..... Click the link for more information. 2.3 days) by bombarding uranium with neutrons from a cyclotron at the Univ. of California at Berkeley. Neptunium, the first transuranium elementtransuranium elements,
in chemistry, radioactive elements with atomic numbers greater than that of uranium (at. no. 92). All the transuranium elements of the actinide series were discovered as synthetic radioactive isotopes at the Univ.
..... Click the link for more information. , was named for the planet Neptune, which is beyond Uranus in the solar system. Neptunium Np, an artificially produced radioactive chemical element of the actinide group. Atomic number, 93; atomic weight, 237.0482. It was discovered in 1940 by the American scientists E. M. McMillan and P. H. Abelson, who determined that the uranium isotope 239U, which forms during neutron bombardment of 238U, decays rapidly, emitting a β-particle, and is converted into an isotope of the element with atomic number 93. The element was named after the planet Neptune. By 1973, 15 neptunium isotopes had been obtained; 237Np has the longest half-life (α-emitter; T½ = 2.14 × 106 yr). The β- radioactive isotope 239 Np (T½ = 2.346 days) is widely used in research. The successive transformations of the isotope 237Np yield the stable isotope 209Bi; this chain of transformations is called the neptunium radioactive series. Negligible quantities of 237Np and 239Np are found in uranium ores, where they are continuously formed as a result of nuclear interactions of uranium atoms and neutrons. Elementary neptunium is a malleable, relatively soft metal with a silver luster. Density, about 20 g/cm3; melting point, 640°C The three outer electron shells of a neptunium atom have the configurations 5s25p6, 5d105f4, and 6s26d1 7s2; the 5f-, 6d-, and 7s-electrons take part in the formation of neptunium compounds. The chemical properties of neptunium are very similar to those of uranium and plutonium. The oxidation numbers of neptunium compounds range from +2 to +7. In solution, neptunium produces the ions Np3+, Np4+, NpO2+ (the most stable), NpO22+, and NpO53-; all neptunium ions tend toward hydrolysis and complexing. Ponderable quantities of isotope 237Np are formed as a byproduct during the production of plutonium in nuclear reactors through nuclear reactions of uranium and neutrons. Neptunium is mainly used in scientific research. REFERENCEMikhailov, V. A. Analiticheskaia khimiia neptuniia. Moscow, 1971. (See also References under ACTINIDES.)S. S. BERDONOSOV neptunium[nep′tü·nē·əm] (chemistry) A chemical element, symbol Np, atomic number 93, atomic weight 237.0482; a member of the actinide series of elements. neptunium a silvery metallic transuranic element synthesized in the production of plutonium and occurring in trace amounts in uranium ores. Symbol: Np; atomic no.: 93; half-life of most stable isotope, 237Np: 2.14 × 106 years; valency: 3, 4, 5, or 6; relative density: 20.25; melting pt.: 639?1?C; boiling pt.: 3902?C (est.) neptuniumenUK
neptunium (Np) [nep-too´ne-um] a chemical element, atomic number 93, atomic weight 237. (See Appendix 6.)nep·tu·ni·um (Np), (nep-tū'nē-ŭm), A radioactive element; atomic no. 93; first element of the transuranian series (not found in nature); 237Np has a half-life of 2.14 × 106 years. [planet, Neptune] nep·tu·ni·um (nep-tū'nē-ŭm) A radioactive element; atomic no. 93; first element of the transuranian series (not found in nature); 237Np has a half-life of 2.14 × 106 years. [planet, Neptune]FinancialSeeNPSee NP
See NPneptuniumenUK
Synonyms for neptuniumnoun a radioactive transuranic metallic elementSynonymsRelated Words |