Nephrosclerosis

nephrosclerosis

[¦nef·rō·sklə′rō·səs] (medicine) Sclerosis of the renal arteries and arterioles.

Nephrosclerosis

a condition of kidneys arising during the final stage of hypertensive disease and accompanied by a proliferation of connective tissue and the onset of uremia. Nephrosclerosis arises less frequently in such diseases as atherosclerosis of the principal vessels of the kidneys, pyelonephritis, tuberculosis of the kidneys, diffuse glomerulonephritis, and nephrolithiasis.

When occurring in conjunction with hypertension, nephrosclerosis is accompanied by hyalinosis and necrosis of the small arteries of the kidneys. In pronounced cases of nephrosclerosis, the kidneys become smaller and acquire a granular surface. Occasionally, the surface appears nodular. In cases of malignant hypertension, early diagnosis of nephrosclerosis is possible only through a biopsy of the kidney; tests of kidney function and X-ray and radioisotopic tracer analyses are also carried out.

Treatment involves a salt-free diet, agents that decrease arterial pressure, and antibacterial measures in cases complicated by infection. Surgical treatment is recommended in some instances of renal injury.

REFERENCES

Miasnikov, A. L. Gipertonicheskaia bolezn’i ateroskleroz. Moscow, 1965.
Osnovy nefrologii, vol. 2. Edited by E. M. Tareev. Moscow, 1972.
Pochki. Edited by F. K. Mostofi and D. E. Smith. Moscow, 1972. (Translated from English.)

N. R. PALEEV

nephrosclerosis

[nef″ro-sklĕ-ro´sis] hardening of the kidney, usually associated with hypertension and disease of the renal arterioles. It is characterized as benign or malignant depending on the severity and rapidity of the hypertension and arteriolar changes.arteriolar nephrosclerosis that involving chiefly the arterioles, with degeneration of the renal tubules and fibrotic thickening of the glomeruli; it has an insidious onset and is characterized by cylindruria, edema, hypertrophy of the heart, degeneration of the renal tubules, and glomerulonephritis. Types include benign and malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis.benign nephrosclerosis (benign arteriolar nephrosclerosis) arteriolar nephrosclerosis usually seen in patients over 60 years old and associated with benign hypertension and hyaline arteriolosclerosis. In younger persons, it may occur in diabetics with a predisposition to arteriolosclerosis and in those who have hypertension resulting from an apparent underlying disease, such as pheochromocytoma.hypertensive nephrosclerosis the most common kind of arteriolar nephrosclerosis, due to hypertension of the renal arterioles.malignant nephrosclerosis (malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis) an uncommon form of arteriolar nephrosclerosis affecting all the vessels of the body, especially the small arteries and arterioles of the kidneys, and frequently associated with malignant hypertension and hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis. Renal changes include arteriolar necrosis with red blood cells and casts in the urine. It may occur in the absence of previous history of hypertension, or may be superimposed on benign hypertension or primary renal disease, especially glomerulonephritis, benign nephrosclerosis, and pyelonephritis.

neph·ro·scle·ro·sis

(nef'rō-sklĕ-rō'sis), Fibrosis of the kidney from overgrowth and contraction of the interstitial connective tissue. [nephro- + G. sklērōsis, hardening]

nephrosclerosis

Global fibrosis and atrophy of glomeruli, most common in atherosclerotic kidneys.
Benign nephrosclerosis
A relatively common, symmetrical and indolent process causing benign hypertension. Average age of onset is 60, 5% of whom die of renal failure.

Pathology
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis, scarring of glomeruli.

Malignant nephrosclerosis
An uncommon process affecting 5% of hypertensives, often beginning < age 45.

Pathology
Fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries (necrotising arteriolitis); intimal hyperplasia of larger interlobular arteries (hyperplastic arteriolitis); “onion-skinning”; collagen deposition and fibroblastic proliferation with luminal narrowing; thrombosis and necrosis of the glomeruli with atrophy and parenchymal scarring

nephrosclerosis

Arteriolonephrosclerosis Global fibrosis and atrophy of glomeruli, most common in atherosclerotic kidneys. See Malignant.

neph·ro·scle·ro·sis

(nef'rō-skle-rō'sis) Induration of the kidney from overgrowth and contraction of the interstitial connective tissue. [nephro- + G. sklērōsis, hardening]

nephrosclerosis

Nephrosclerosis

nephrosclerosis

Nephrosclerosis

REFERENCES

nephrosclerosis

nephrosclerosis

neph·ro·scle·ro·sis

nephrosclerosis

nephrosclerosis

neph·ro·scle·ro·sis

nephrosclerosis

Synonyms for nephrosclerosis

noun kidney disease that is usually associated with hypertension

Synonyms

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