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单词 off-pump coronary artery bypass
释义 DictionarySeebypassMedicalSeeCORONARY ARTERY BYPASS: Myocardial reperfusion by coronary artery bypass graft surgery

coronary artery bypass

Surgical establishment of a shunt that permits blood to travel from the aorta or internal mammary artery to a branch of the coronary artery at a point past an obstruction. It is used to treat coronary artery disease.

Traditional surgery requires opening the chest and sternum, spreading the ribs, and use of external heart/lung oxygenation. Less invasive techniques use several small incisions (keyhole surgery), smaller surgical instruments, and fiber-optic cameras. Recovery time is reduced and there are fewer postoperative complications. See: illustration

Patient care

Preoperative: The surgical procedure and the equipment and procedures used in the postanesthesia and intensive care units are explained. If possible, a tour of the facilities is arranged for the patient. The nurse assists with insertion of arterial and central lines and initiates cardiac monitoring when the patient enters the operating room.

Postoperative: Initially the postoperative patient will be intubated, mechanically ventilated, and will undergo cardiac monitoring. He will also have a nasogastric tube, a chest tube and drainage system, an indwelling urinary catheter, arterial and venous lines, epicardial pacing wires, and, often, a pulmonary artery catheter.

Signs of hemodynamic compromise, e.g., severe hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and shock, are monitored; vital signs are obtained and documented according to protocol until the patient's condition stabilizes. Disturbances in heart rate or rhythm are monitored; any abnormalities are documented and reported. Preparations are made to initiate or assist with epicardial pacing, cardioversion, or defibrillation as necessary. Pulmonary artery, central venous, and left atrial pressures are monitored, and arterial pressure is maintained within prescribed guidelines (usually between 110 and 70 mm Hg). Peripheral pulses, capillary refill time, and skin temperature and color are assessed frequently; the chest is auscultated for changes in heart sounds or pulmonary congestion. Any abnormalities are documented and reported to the surgeon. Tissue oxygenation is monitored by assessing breath sounds, chest excursion, symmetry of chest expansion, pulse oximeter, and arterial blood gas (ABG) values. Ventilator settings are adjusted as needed. Fluid intake and output and electrolyte levels are assessed for imbalances. Chest tube drainage is maintained at the prescribed negative pressure (usually -10 to -40 cm H2O); chest tubes are inspected for patency. The patient is assessed for hemorrhage, excessive drainage (> 200 ml/hr), and sudden decrease or cessation of drainage. Prescribed analgesics and other medications are administered.

Throughout recovery the patient is evaluated for changes in oxygenation, ventilation, neurological status, and urinary output. After the patient is weaned from the ventilator and extubated, chest physiotherapy and incentive spirometry are used, and the patient is encouraged to breathe deeply and to cough to prevent atelectasis of the lung and to clear mucus from the airway. The patient is helped to change position frequently. Help is also given with range-of-motion exercises and with active leg movement and gluteal and quadriceps setting exercises.

Before discharge the patient is instructed to report any signs of infection (fever, sore throat, redness, swelling, or drainage from the leg or chest incisions) or cardiac complications (angina, dizziness, rapid or irregular pulse, or increasing fatigue or prolonged recovery time after activity or exercise). Postpericardiotomy syndrome often develops after open heart surgery. Postoperative depression may also develop weeks after discharge; both patient and family are reassured that this is normal and usually passes quickly. The patient is advised to observe any tobacco, sodium, cholesterol, fat, and calorie restrictions, which may help reduce the risk of recurrent arterial occlusion. The patient needs to maintain a balance between activity and rest and should schedule a short afternoon rest period and plan to get 8 hr of sleep nightly. Frequent rest should also follow any tiring activity. Participation in the prescribed cardiac rehabilitative exercise program is recommended, and any activity restrictions (avoiding lifting heavy objects, driving a car, or doing strenuous work until specific permission is granted) are reinforced. Appropriate reassurance is offered that the patient can climb stairs, engage in sexual activity, take baths or showers, and do light chores. The patient is referred to local information and support groups or organizations, such as the American Heart Association. Synonym: aortocoronary bypass

extra-anatomic vascular bypass

Surgical revascularization for peripheral vascular disease of the limbs, using a prosthetic graft (e.g., axillofemorally or femorofemorally) to divert blood to a site distal to an arterial obstruction.

Patient care

Postoperatively, it is important to monitor the patient's vital signs for changes, esp. of pulse and rhythm, and to assess the patient for symptoms of angina pectoris or arrhythmias. Cardiac monitoring and frequent ECGs are routine aspects of care. The surgical wound is checked for bleeding or hematoma formation, or signs of infection or dehiscence. Peripheral pulses are palpated using a doppler, if necessary, to determine peripheral perfusion.

gastric bypass

Any surgical procedure in which the stomach, or most of the stomach, is isolated and disconnected from the rest of the upper gastrointestinal tract. See: Roux-en-y gastric bypass

jejunoileal bypass

A surgical procedure for decreasing absorption of nutrients from the small intestine by anastomosing the proximal jejunum to the distal ileum. Although it can be used to treat obesity, jejunoileal bypass has been replaced by gastric bypass procedures because of the significant complications of jejunoileal bypass surgery.

minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass

Abbreviation: MIDCAB
The placement of a coronary artery graft without stopping the heart or using a cardiopulmonary bypass (heart-lung machine). A thoracotomy rather than a medial sternotomy is used to access the heart, which is then stabilized by use of a compression or suction device to decrease movement. The procedure is used primarily for grafting a single vessel, usually the left or right internal mammary artery. Although MIDCAB has the advantages of lower surgical costs and possibly a decreased risk of complications, it has the disadvantages of limited surgical visibility and more difficult suturing. Synonym: off-pump coronary artery bypass

off-pump coronary artery bypass

Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass

Roux-en-y gastric bypass

A bariatric surgical procedure in which the superior portion of the stomach is isolated from the rest of the stomach and the jejunum is connected to it. As a result, food passes directly from the proximal stomach into the middle of the small intestine. It bypasses the majority of the stomach, which is isolated from the working portion of the stomach and from the duodenum. An opening is made in the duodenum and the jejunum, and the two organs are connected via a surgical stoma. This permits drainage into the jejunum of gastric secretions from the isolated greater curvature of the stomach. This form of gastric bypass is the most common bariatric surgical procedure and among the most successful. Since the duodenum absorbs many important vitamins and nutrients, including iron, vitamin B12, and calcium, nutritional deficiencies and iron-deficiency anemia are common complications. Others include nausea, vomiting, ulcers, and anastomotic leaks. illustrationillustration

Patient discussion about bypass

Q. What types of gastric bypass surgeries are there? I heard all sorts of options for gastric bypass are available. What is the most in use?A. Bariatric surgeries or – gastric bypass surgeries for weight loss fall into three categories: Restrictive procedures make the stomach smaller to limit the amount of food intake, malabsorptive techniques reduce the amount of intestine that comes in contact with food so that the body absorbs fewer calories, and combination operations employ both restriction and malabsorption. The exact one to be done should be decided with the physician according to each patients abilities and pre-operative function level.

Q. how about gastric bypass surgery how does it work on a person and what they half to eat how much weight does the person loseA. surgery should always be the last answer because it is the biggest change you will do to your body and to your life. theres always a chance that something might go wrong. you have to be on a tight diet meaning one bite of what you eat and that means no sugars, fats, or oils. even if you thought there was no sugar, oil or fat in what ever you eat you will have so much pain in your stomach and you wont stop vomiting which will make it even more painful. the bright side to it is you will lose about 50 pounds in one month which is great but if you dont work out like crazy trying to tone up your muscles you will sag all over and then theres more money thrown out of your pocket doing tummy tucks and tucks for everything else. itall depends on the person. good luck in what ever you do. do your research first

Q. What are the risks in a gastric bypass surgery for weight loss? I am obese and I am interested in doing this surgery, but I’m scared. What are the risks of this surgery?A. I had Gastric Bypass Surgery 5 years ago.. The surgery affects people differently.. I do believe the surgery has been perfected over the years and there isn't as great a risk of complications as there used to be. When I had my surgery the risk of death was 1 in 200. That was 5 years ago. I can say this much. It's changed my life!!. I'm MUCH healthier. The only side affect I have is I have to watch the amount of sweets I eat. My blood sugar drops and I faint. But, that's a good thing.. makes me not want to eat any sweets! A friend of mine can't eat protein. So she has to look for other sources. Like I said.. it affects everyone different.

More discussions about bypass
">bypass graft surgery" href="javascript:eml2('davisTab', 'b42.jpg')">CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS: Myocardial reperfusion by coronary artery bypass graft surgery

coronary artery bypass

Surgical establishment of a shunt that permits blood to travel from the aorta or internal mammary artery to a branch of the coronary artery at a point past an obstruction. It is used to treat coronary artery disease.

Traditional surgery requires opening the chest and sternum, spreading the ribs, and use of external heart/lung oxygenation. Less invasive techniques use several small incisions (keyhole surgery), smaller surgical instruments, and fiber-optic cameras. Recovery time is reduced and there are fewer postoperative complications. See: illustration

Patient care

Preoperative: The surgical procedure and the equipment and procedures used in the postanesthesia and intensive care units are explained. If possible, a tour of the facilities is arranged for the patient. The nurse assists with insertion of arterial and central lines and initiates cardiac monitoring when the patient enters the operating room.

Postoperative: Initially the postoperative patient will be intubated, mechanically ventilated, and will undergo cardiac monitoring. He will also have a nasogastric tube, a chest tube and drainage system, an indwelling urinary catheter, arterial and venous lines, epicardial pacing wires, and, often, a pulmonary artery catheter.

Signs of hemodynamic compromise, e.g., severe hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and shock, are monitored; vital signs are obtained and documented according to protocol until the patient's condition stabilizes. Disturbances in heart rate or rhythm are monitored; any abnormalities are documented and reported. Preparations are made to initiate or assist with epicardial pacing, cardioversion, or defibrillation as necessary. Pulmonary artery, central venous, and left atrial pressures are monitored, and arterial pressure is maintained within prescribed guidelines (usually between 110 and 70 mm Hg). Peripheral pulses, capillary refill time, and skin temperature and color are assessed frequently; the chest is auscultated for changes in heart sounds or pulmonary congestion. Any abnormalities are documented and reported to the surgeon. Tissue oxygenation is monitored by assessing breath sounds, chest excursion, symmetry of chest expansion, pulse oximeter, and arterial blood gas (ABG) values. Ventilator settings are adjusted as needed. Fluid intake and output and electrolyte levels are assessed for imbalances. Chest tube drainage is maintained at the prescribed negative pressure (usually -10 to -40 cm H2O); chest tubes are inspected for patency. The patient is assessed for hemorrhage, excessive drainage (> 200 ml/hr), and sudden decrease or cessation of drainage. Prescribed analgesics and other medications are administered.

Throughout recovery the patient is evaluated for changes in oxygenation, ventilation, neurological status, and urinary output. After the patient is weaned from the ventilator and extubated, chest physiotherapy and incentive spirometry are used, and the patient is encouraged to breathe deeply and to cough to prevent atelectasis of the lung and to clear mucus from the airway. The patient is helped to change position frequently. Help is also given with range-of-motion exercises and with active leg movement and gluteal and quadriceps setting exercises.

Before discharge the patient is instructed to report any signs of infection (fever, sore throat, redness, swelling, or drainage from the leg or chest incisions) or cardiac complications (angina, dizziness, rapid or irregular pulse, or increasing fatigue or prolonged recovery time after activity or exercise). Postpericardiotomy syndrome often develops after open heart surgery. Postoperative depression may also develop weeks after discharge; both patient and family are reassured that this is normal and usually passes quickly. The patient is advised to observe any tobacco, sodium, cholesterol, fat, and calorie restrictions, which may help reduce the risk of recurrent arterial occlusion. The patient needs to maintain a balance between activity and rest and should schedule a short afternoon rest period and plan to get 8 hr of sleep nightly. Frequent rest should also follow any tiring activity. Participation in the prescribed cardiac rehabilitative exercise program is recommended, and any activity restrictions (avoiding lifting heavy objects, driving a car, or doing strenuous work until specific permission is granted) are reinforced. Appropriate reassurance is offered that the patient can climb stairs, engage in sexual activity, take baths or showers, and do light chores. The patient is referred to local information and support groups or organizations, such as the American Heart Association. Synonym: aortocoronary bypass

extra-anatomic vascular bypass

Surgical revascularization for peripheral vascular disease of the limbs, using a prosthetic graft (e.g., axillofemorally or femorofemorally) to divert blood to a site distal to an arterial obstruction.

Patient care

Postoperatively, it is important to monitor the patient's vital signs for changes, esp. of pulse and rhythm, and to assess the patient for symptoms of angina pectoris or arrhythmias. Cardiac monitoring and frequent ECGs are routine aspects of care. The surgical wound is checked for bleeding or hematoma formation, or signs of infection or dehiscence. Peripheral pulses are palpated using a doppler, if necessary, to determine peripheral perfusion.

gastric bypass

Any surgical procedure in which the stomach, or most of the stomach, is isolated and disconnected from the rest of the upper gastrointestinal tract. See: Roux-en-y gastric bypass

jejunoileal bypass

A surgical procedure for decreasing absorption of nutrients from the small intestine by anastomosing the proximal jejunum to the distal ileum. Although it can be used to treat obesity, jejunoileal bypass has been replaced by gastric bypass procedures because of the significant complications of jejunoileal bypass surgery.

minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass

Abbreviation: MIDCAB
The placement of a coronary artery graft without stopping the heart or using a cardiopulmonary bypass (heart-lung machine). A thoracotomy rather than a medial sternotomy is used to access the heart, which is then stabilized by use of a compression or suction device to decrease movement. The procedure is used primarily for grafting a single vessel, usually the left or right internal mammary artery. Although MIDCAB has the advantages of lower surgical costs and possibly a decreased risk of complications, it has the disadvantages of limited surgical visibility and more difficult suturing. Synonym: off-pump coronary artery bypass

off-pump coronary artery bypass

Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass

Roux-en-y gastric bypass

A bariatric surgical procedure in which the superior portion of the stomach is isolated from the rest of the stomach and the jejunum is connected to it. As a result, food passes directly from the proximal stomach into the middle of the small intestine. It bypasses the majority of the stomach, which is isolated from the working portion of the stomach and from the duodenum. An opening is made in the duodenum and the jejunum, and the two organs are connected via a surgical stoma. This permits drainage into the jejunum of gastric secretions from the isolated greater curvature of the stomach. This form of gastric bypass is the most common bariatric surgical procedure and among the most successful. Since the duodenum absorbs many important vitamins and nutrients, including iron, vitamin B12, and calcium, nutritional deficiencies and iron-deficiency anemia are common complications. Others include nausea, vomiting, ulcers, and anastomotic leaks. illustrationillustration

Patient discussion about bypass

Q. What types of gastric bypass surgeries are there? I heard all sorts of options for gastric bypass are available. What is the most in use?A. Bariatric surgeries or – gastric bypass surgeries for weight loss fall into three categories: Restrictive procedures make the stomach smaller to limit the amount of food intake, malabsorptive techniques reduce the amount of intestine that comes in contact with food so that the body absorbs fewer calories, and combination operations employ both restriction and malabsorption. The exact one to be done should be decided with the physician according to each patients abilities and pre-operative function level.

Q. how about gastric bypass surgery how does it work on a person and what they half to eat how much weight does the person loseA. surgery should always be the last answer because it is the biggest change you will do to your body and to your life. theres always a chance that something might go wrong. you have to be on a tight diet meaning one bite of what you eat and that means no sugars, fats, or oils. even if you thought there was no sugar, oil or fat in what ever you eat you will have so much pain in your stomach and you wont stop vomiting which will make it even more painful. the bright side to it is you will lose about 50 pounds in one month which is great but if you dont work out like crazy trying to tone up your muscles you will sag all over and then theres more money thrown out of your pocket doing tummy tucks and tucks for everything else. itall depends on the person. good luck in what ever you do. do your research first

Q. What are the risks in a gastric bypass surgery for weight loss? I am obese and I am interested in doing this surgery, but I’m scared. What are the risks of this surgery?A. I had Gastric Bypass Surgery 5 years ago.. The surgery affects people differently.. I do believe the surgery has been perfected over the years and there isn't as great a risk of complications as there used to be. When I had my surgery the risk of death was 1 in 200. That was 5 years ago. I can say this much. It's changed my life!!. I'm MUCH healthier. The only side affect I have is I have to watch the amount of sweets I eat. My blood sugar drops and I faint. But, that's a good thing.. makes me not want to eat any sweets! A friend of mine can't eat protein. So she has to look for other sources. Like I said.. it affects everyone different.

More discussions about bypass
AcronymsSeeOff-PCAB
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