Manfred, Albert Zakharovich

Born Aug. 15 (28), 1906, in St. Petersburg. Soviet historian, professor (1933), doctor of historical sciences (1952), honorary doctor of the University of Clermont-Ferrand, France (1967).

Manfred finished graduate studies at the Institute of History of RANION (the Russian Association of Social Science Research Institutes) in 1930 and taught in higher educational institutions in Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, and Moscow. In 1945 he became a senior research associate and in 1966-68, head of the section of modern history of Western European countries at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In 1968, Manfred became head of the section of French history at the Institute of World History of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

Manfred’s main works deal mostly with modern French history (the Great French Revolution, Napoleonic France, the Paris Commune of 1871). Manfred is the author of articles about the foreign policy of contemporary France and the history of Soviet-French relations. He has been editor in chief of French Yearbook since 1962, vice-president (since 1966) and president (since 1972) of the USSR-France society, a member of the bureau of the National Committee of Historians of the USSR (since 1968), a member of the National Committee to Study the Epoch of Napoleon (in Italy; since 1969), and vice-president of the International Commission on the History of the Great French Revolution (since 1970).