| 释义 |
migration
mi·gra·tion M0290000 (mī-grā′shən)n.1. The act or an instance of migrating.2. A group migrating together.3. Chemistry & Physics a. The movement of one atom or more from one position to another within a molecule.b. The movement of ions between electrodes during electrolysis.
mi·gra′tion·al adj.migration (maɪˈɡreɪʃən) n1. the act or an instance of migrating2. a group of people, birds, etc, migrating in a body3. (Chemistry) chem a movement of atoms, ions, or molecules, such as the motion of ions in solution under the influence of electric fields miˈgrational adjmi•gra•tion (maɪˈgreɪ ʃən)
n. 1. the process or act of migrating. 2. a migratory movement. 3. a number or body of persons or animals migrating together. [1605–15; < Latin] mi•gra′tion•al, adj. Migration the persons, mammals, or birds that take part in migratory movements abroad, collectively.Examples: migration of birds, 1704; of salmon, 1704; of souls of men, 1727.emigration immigration">immigration migration1. 'emigrate', 'emigration', 'emigrant'If you emigrate, you leave your own country and go to live permanently in another country. He received permission to emigrate to Canada.He had emigrated from Germany in the early 1920's.People who emigrate are called emigrants. The act of emigrating is called emigration. However, these words are less frequent than immigrant and immigration. 2. 'immigrate', 'immigration', 'immigrant'If you immigrate to a country, you go to live in that country permanently. They immigrated to Israel.However, it is more common to say that someone emigrates from a country than to say that someone immigrates to a country. People that leave their own country to live in another country are called immigrants. The company employs several immigrants.The process by which people come to live in a country is called immigration. The government has changed its immigration policy.3. 'migrate', 'migration', 'migrant'When people migrate, they temporarily move to another place, usually a city or another country, in order to find work. The only solution people can see is to migrate.Millions have migrated to the cities.This process is called migration. New jobs are encouraging migration from the cities of the north.People who migrate are called migrants or migrant workers. She was a migrant looking for a place to live.In South America there are three million migrant workers.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  migration - the movement of persons from one country or locality to anotheremigration, out-migration, expatriation - migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another)immigration, in-migration - migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)movement, move, motion - the act of changing location from one place to another; "police controlled the motion of the crowd"; "the movement of people from the farms to the cities"; "his move put him directly in my path"gold rush - a large migration of people to a newly discovered gold field | | 2. |  migration - a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)people - (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively; "old people"; "there were at least 200 people in the audience" | | 3. | migration - (chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a moleculeevent - something that happens at a given place and timechemical science, chemistry - the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions | | 4. |  migration - the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breedingperiodic event, recurrent event - an event that recurs at intervals |
migrationnoun wandering, journey, voyage, travel, movement, shift, trek, emigration, roving the migration of Soviet Jews to IsraelmigrationnounDeparture from one's native land to settle in another:emigration, exodus, immigration, transmigration.Translationsmigrate (maiˈgreit) , ((American) ˈmaigreit) verb1. (of certain birds and animals) to travel from one region to another at certain times of the year. Many birds migrate in the early winter. 遷徙(某些動物隨季節變化所做的) （某些动物随季节变化所做的）迁移 2. (of people) to change one's home to another country or (regularly) from place to place. The Gothic peoples who overwhelmed the Roman Empire migrated from the East. 移居 移居miˈgration noun 遷徙，移居 迁移，迁居 ˈmigrant ((British and American) ˈmai-) noun a person, bird or animal that migrates or has migrated. The swallow is a summer migrant to Britain; (also adjective) migrant workers. 移民，候鳥，遷徙動物 移居者ˈmigratory ((British and American) ˈmaigrə-) adjective 遷徙的，移居的 迁移的migration
migration, of people, geographical movements of individuals or groups for the purpose of permanently resettling. Early History Migrations have occurred throughout history and have played an important part in the peopling of all the areas of the earth. Primitive migrations were usually in search of food, but could also result from physical changes, such as the advance of the continental ice sheets, and invasion by other peoples. The most important migrations in European history were the Gothic invasions (3d–6th cent.; see GermansGermans,
great ethnic complex of ancient Europe, a basic stock in the composition of the modern peoples of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, N Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, N and central France, Lowland Scotland, and England.
..... Click the link for more information. ), the Arab invasions (7th–8th cent.; see ArabsArabs,
name originally applied to the Semitic peoples of the Arabian Peninsula. It now refers to those persons whose primary language is Arabic. They constitute most of the population of Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi
..... Click the link for more information. ), the westward migration of the Golden Horde of Jenghiz KhanJenghiz Khan
or Genghis Khan
, Mongolian Chinggis Khaan, 1167?–1227, Mongol conqueror, originally named Temujin. He succeeded his father, Yekusai, as chieftain of a Mongol tribe and then fought to become ruler of a Mongol confederacy.
..... Click the link for more information. (13th cent.), and the invasions of the Ottoman Turks (14th–16th cent.; see Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire
, vast state founded in the late 13th cent. by Turkish tribes in Anatolia and ruled by the descendants of Osman I until its dissolution in 1918. Modern Turkey formed only part of the empire, but the terms "Turkey" and "Ottoman Empire" were often used
..... Click the link for more information. ; TurksTurks,
term applied in its wider meaning to the Turkic-speaking peoples of Turkey, Russia, Central Asia, Xinjiang in China (Chinese Turkistan), Azerbaijan and the Caucasus, Iran, and Afghanistan.
..... Click the link for more information. ). Later Migrations From the 17th to the 20th cent. migration involved individuals and families rather than nations or mass groups. The basic motive was economic pressure, as areas of low population density attracted people from high-density areas where economic opportunity was low. The desire for religious and political freedom has also been important, and national policies have played a part. In the largest international migration in history, c.65 million people migrated from Europe to North America and South America between the 17th cent. and World War II, while another 17 million went to Africa and Australia. Nearly 12 million people, most from Mexico or Asia, migrated to the United States in the 1970s and 80s. Within the United States, migration patterns have traditionally been from east to west. Migration from north to south since the 1960s has resulted in the ascendancy of the Sun BeltSun Belt
or Sunbelt,
southern tier of the United States, focused on Florida, Texas, Arizona, and California, and extending as far north as Virginia. The term gained wide use in the 1970s, when the economic and political impact of the nation's overall shift in
..... Click the link for more information. , a region extending from Florida to S California. This trend has been supported by the southward migration of many blacks. Government regulation of migration became significant in the 20th cent. (see immigrationimmigration,
entrance of a person (an alien) into a new country for the purpose of establishing permanent residence. Motives for immigration, like those for migration generally, are often economic, although religious or political factors may be very important.
..... Click the link for more information. ). Modern Migration Trends Normal internal migration has been characterized by a population shift from rural to urban areas. In the United States, the portion of the population that lives in urban areas has risen steadily from 30% in 1910 to more than 70% in 1990; in Brazil, the percentage of urban dwellers has risen from 30% to 75% since 1940. Within urban areas, a large population shift from central cities to suburbs has occurred in the last half of the 20th cent. The development of totalitarianism and World War II resulted in a new pattern of forced mass migration within Europe. Over 30 million people were forcibly moved or scattered by the Nazis. In the postwar period c.10 million Germans and persons of German descent were forcibly expelled from Eastern Europe. Other forced migrations since World War II have included the partitioning of India and Pakistan, which uprooted 18 million, and the establishment of the state of Israel, which created about one million refugees (see refugeerefugee,
one who leaves one's native land either because of expulsion or to escape persecution. The legal problem of accepting refugees is discussed under asylum; this article considers only mass dislocations and the organizations that help refugees.
..... Click the link for more information. ). After the fall of Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) at the end of the Vietnam WarVietnam War,
conflict in Southeast Asia, primarily fought in South Vietnam between government forces aided by the United States and guerrilla forces aided by North Vietnam. The war began soon after the Geneva Conference provisionally divided (1954) Vietnam at 17° N lat.
..... Click the link for more information. in 1975, more than 600,000 fled Vietnam in the face of political persecution; many fled by boat and became known as the "boat people." In South Africa, under the policies of apartheidapartheid
[Afrik.,=apartness], system of racial segregation peculiar to the Republic of South Africa, the legal basis of which was largely repealed in 1991–92. History
..... Click the link for more information. , blacks were forced to live in designated "homelands" from 1959 to 1994. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 led to the migration of millions of Afghans to neighboring Pakistan and Iran. In the 1980s and 90s war and civil strife continued to force massive refugee migration in many parts of the world. In Somalia and Ethiopia, civil war combined with long-term drought have resulted in large migrations of peoples (often from rural to urban areas and to neighboring countries) in an attempt to avoid famine. Hundreds of thousands of Kurdish refugees (see KurdsKurds
, a non-Arab Middle Eastern minority population that inhabits the region known as Kurdistan, an extensive plateau and mountain area, c.74,000 sq mi (191,660 sq km), in SW Asia, including parts of E Turkey, NE Iraq, and NW Iran and smaller sections of NE Syria and
..... Click the link for more information. ) have migrated from Iraq to Turkey and Iran in the wake of the civil war that followed the Persian Gulf WarPersian Gulf Wars,
two conflicts involving Iraq and U.S.-led coalitions in the late 20th and early 21st cent.
The First Persian Gulf War, also known as the Gulf War, Jan.–Feb.
..... Click the link for more information. in 1991. The disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s caused the dislocation of many peoples, especially Bosniaks, Croats, Serbs in areas other than Serbia, and Kosovars. In Rwanda and Burundi, millions of people, primarily Hutus, fled as ethnic civil war wrenched those nations in the mid-1990s; many of them fled to Zaïre (now Congo), where their presence aggravated civil and international strife. The accelerating economic development in China that began in the 1990s led to an enormous migration from rural to urban areas, despite significant restrictions the Chinese government placed on changing residencies. Economic opportunity also has long been the major factor of the often illegal migration of individuals and families from Latin America into the United States, but political insecurity and violence has contributed as well, especially where Central America has been concerned. In Europe in the later 20th and early 21st cent., economic conditions have driven much of the migration to the continent from Africa, but conflict and political insecurity have also played a part. Conflict, however, was the dominant reason for the migration of hundreds of thousands from the Middle East, especially Syria, in the 2010s. Persecution and ethnic cleansing in 2017 against Muslim Rohingya in mainly Buddhist Myanmar resulted in the influx of hundreds of thousands of refugees into neighboring Bangladesh. In 2018, following a 2016 declaration on international migration by the United Nations, 150 nations signed the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration. Affirming that migrants no matter what their status have human rights, the compact sought to improve access to basic services, eliminate discrimination and safeguard working conditions, improve antismuggling and antitrafficking measures and efforts, and provide for a safe, dignified repatriation. Although the compact was nonbinding, a number of nations including the United States, Australia, and several East European nations rejected the compact. Bibliography See A. A. Brown and E. Neuberger, Internal Migration (1977); M. Greenwood, Migration and Economic Growth in the United States (1981); G. J. Lewis, Human Migration (1982); W. Weidlich and G. Haag, ed., Interregional Migration (1988); R. King, ed. Atlas of Human Migration (2007) and as author, People on the Move: An Atlas of Migration (2010); I Goldin et al., Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future (2011). migration the movement of people from one country to another, involving an intention to reside in the country of destination. Emigration refers to the movement out of a country, immigration refers to the movement of people into a country. There is an internationally agreed definition of an immigrant as someone who, having lived outside the country for at least one year, declares an intention to live in the country for at least one year. An emigrant is defined in the opposite way Since World War II more people have emigrated from the UK than immigrated into it. In recent British history there have been three periods of marked immigration: Irish people 1800-61; Jewish people 1870-1911; and people from the New Commonwealth 1950-71. There have been a number of MORAL PANICS about immigration since 1945, focusing on the immigration of black people, and it is therefore important to distinguish between immigrants and black people; it is wrong to assume that an immigrant is black, and it is equally wrong to assume that a black person is an immigrant. See also LABOUR MIGRATION, ETHNIC GROUP, RACISM OR RACIALISM.migration[mī′grā·shən] (chemistry) The movement of an atom or group of atoms to new positions during the course of a molecular rearrangement. (chemical engineering) bleeding (computer science) Movement of frequently used data items to more accessible storage locations, and of infrequently used data items to less accessible locations. (genetics) The transfer of genetic information among populations by the movement of individuals or groups of individuals from one population into another. (geology) Movement of a topographic feature from one place to another, especially movement of a dune by wind action. Movement of liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons from their source into reservoir rocks. (hydrology) Slow, downstream movement of a system of meanders. (metallurgy) The uncontrolled movement of certain metals, particularly silver, from one location to another, usually with associated undesirable effects such as oxidation or corrosion. (solid-state physics) The movement of charges through a semiconductor material by diffusion or drift of charge carriers or ionized atoms. The movement of crystal defects through a semiconductor crystal under the influence of high temperature, strain, or a continuously applied electric field. (vertebrate zoology) Periodic movement of animals to new areas or habitats. migrationThe spreading or creeping of a sealant onto adjacent surfaces, usually to the detriment of bond.migrationTo move data or software from one location to another. Migration often means "copy" as much as it does "move." For example, "let's migrate our photos from the computer to the tablet" does not necessarily connote the photos are deleted from the computer after the transfer. Following are the various kinds of migration that take place in the computer world.
Storage Migration
Moving data from one storage system to another for efficiency, backup or archiving. Also called "data migration." See HSM.
Application Migration
Moving application programs from one computer to another. See PC migration.
Data Migration
Moving data from a computer, tablet or smartphone to another device. See PC migration.
Domain Migration
Moving a website or other Internet-based service from one ISP to another or from one server to another. See Internet domain name.
Cloud Migration
Moving an inhouse system to the cloud. See cloud computing.migration
mi·gra·tion (mī-grā'shŭn), 1. Passing from one part to another, said of certain morbid processes or symptoms. 2. Synonym(s): diapedesis3. Movement of a tooth or teeth out of normal position. 4. Movement of molecules during electrophoresis, centrifugation, or diffusion. [L. migro, pp. -atus, to move from place to place] migration Informatics
The process of moving an information system and/or software—including data—from an old to new operational environment in accordance with a software quality system.
Genetics
The movement of one or more individuals between reproductively isolated populations.
Vox populi
Movement of one or more animals from point A to point B; as in, the migration of birds.mi·gra·tion (mī-grā'shŭn) 1. Passage from one part to another, said of certain morbid processes or symptoms. 2. Synonym(s): diapedesis. 3. Movement of a tooth or teeth out of normal position. 4. Movement of molecules during electrophoresis. 5. Geographic spread of disease-causing agents, rectors, or populations. [L. migro, pp.-atus, to move from place to place]migration any cyclical movements (usually annual) that occur during the life history of an animal at definite intervals, and always including a return trip from where they began. The exact derivation of the word is from the Latin ‘migrate’ meaning to go from one place to another, but biologically a return journey is part of the accepted definition of the term, the outward journey being termed EMIGRATION and the inward journey IMMIGRATION.mi·gra·tion (mī-grā'shŭn) 1. Movement of a tooth or teeth out of normal position. 2. Passing from one part to another, said of certain morbid processes or symptoms. [L. migro, pp.-atus, to move from place to place]migration
migration the movement of people into (immigration) and out of (emigration) a country that serves to increase or decrease the country's POPULATION and labour force. For example, immigration was an important factor in the early colonization of Australia and New Zealand, and the USA and Canada.See MCE Interface Group
See MiGmigration
Related to migration: Human migration, Great Migration, Bird migrationSynonyms for migrationnoun wanderingSynonyms- wandering
- journey
- voyage
- travel
- movement
- shift
- trek
- emigration
- roving
Synonyms for migrationnoun departure from one's native land to settle in anotherSynonyms- emigration
- exodus
- immigration
- transmigration
Words related to migrationnoun the movement of persons from one country or locality to anotherRelated Words- emigration
- out-migration
- expatriation
- immigration
- in-migration
- movement
- move
- motion
- gold rush
noun a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)Related Wordsnoun (chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a moleculeRelated Words- event
- chemical science
- chemistry
noun the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breedingRelated Words- periodic event
- recurrent event
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