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DictionarySeepneumomediastinumEncyclopediaSeeemphysemamediastinal emphysema
pneu·mo·me·di·as·ti·num (nū'mō-mē'dē-ă-stī'nŭm), Abnormal presence of air in mediastinal tissues; multiple causes include pulmonary interstitial emphysema, ruptured bleb, perforation of the cervical or thoracic esophagus or airways, cervicomediastinal infection, and perforated abdominal viscus. Synonym(s): mediastinal emphysema [G. pneuma, air, + mediastinum] mediastinal emphysema The presence of air in mediastinal soft tissues.
Clinical findings
Severe chest pain, dyspnoea, Hamman sign.
Aetiology
• Respiratory tract—trauma to lungs, perforation of upper airways, asthma, Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
• GI tract—rupture of oesophagus, bowel.
• Other (e.g., obesity).
Management
Usually conservative, as emphysema slowly resolves on its own; in the face of lung collapse, the patient must lie on the side of the collapsed lung.mediastinal emphysema Pneumomediastinum Surgery Air in mediastinal soft tissues which may be linked to perforation of the trachea. See Mediastinal crunch, Mediastinum. me·di·as·ti·nal em·phy·se·ma (mē'dē-ă-stī'năl em'fi-sē'mă) Deflection of air, usually from a ruptured emphysematous bleb in the lung, into the mediastinal tissue. |