Osvobozhdenie

(Liberation), a Russian journal and organ of the bourgeois-liberal opposition. It was published from 1902 to 1905 in Stuttgart and later in Paris, where its editor was P. B. Struve. The journal was circulated illegally in Russia. It was published once every two weeks; in all, 79 issues were published.

Osvobozhdenie laid the groundwork for the formation of the Union of Liberation, whose organ it became in 1903. The journal had an antirevolutionary and antiproletarian bias. It published a number of secret government documents. Material of an informatory nature was published in the supplement Listok “Osvobozhdeniia” (nos. 1–26, 1904–05). Articles and documents on the history of the social movement in Russia were included in the separately published collection Osvobozhdenie (nos. 1–2, 1903).