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adenosine triphosphate
adenosine triphosphaten. ATP.adenosine triphosphate n (Biochemistry) the full name of ATP1 ATP adenosine triphosphate: a nucleotide that is the primary source of energy in all living cells because of its function in donating a phosphate group during biochemical activities; composed of adenosine, ribose, and three phosphate groups and formed by enzymatic reaction from adenosine diphosphate and an orthophosphate. Compare ADP. [1940–45] adenosine tri·phos·phate (trī-fŏs′fāt′) See ATP.adenosine triphosphate1. (ATP) A substance that supplies the immediate energy needs of cell.2. (ATP) A compound that stores chemical energy in cells.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | adenosine triphosphate - a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactionsATPnucleotide, base - a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside; the basic structural unit of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) |
Translationsadenosine triphosphate
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (ədĕn`əsēn trī'fŏs`fāt), organic compound composed of adenineadenine
, organic base of the purine family. Adenine combines with the sugar ribose to form adenosine, which in turn can be bonded with from one to three phosphoric acid units, yielding the three nucleotides adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine
..... Click the link for more information. , the sugar riboseribose
, monosaccharide carbohydrate of universal distribution in living tissue, found in ribonucleic acid (RNA; see nucleic acid), free nucleotides, and various coenzymes.
..... Click the link for more information. , and three phosphate groups. ATP serves as the major energy source within the cell to drive a number of biological processes such as photosynthesis, muscle contraction, and the synthesis of proteins. It is broken down by hydrolysis to yield adenosine diphosphate (ADP), inorganic phosphorus, and energy. ADP can be further broken down to yield adenosine monophosphateadenosine monophosphate
(AMP) , organic compound composed of an adenine base, the sugar ribose, and one phosphate unit. AMP is one of the possible products of the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is therefore important in the transfer of chemical energy during
..... Click the link for more information. (AMP), additional phosphorus, and more energy. When the phosphorus and energy are immediately used to drive other reactions, such as the synthesis of uridine diphosphate (UDP), an RNA precursor, from uridine monophosphate (UMP), the pair of reactions are said to be coupled. New ATP is produced from AMP using the energy released from the breakdown of fuel molecules, such as fats and sugars. Extracellularly, ATP has been found to act as a neurotransmitterneurotransmitter,
chemical that transmits information across the junction (synapse) that separates one nerve cell (neuron) from another nerve cell or a muscle. Neurotransmitters are stored in the nerve cell's bulbous end (axon).
..... Click the link for more information. . ATP receptors are widespread through the body. On its own it is known to have effects in the arteries, intestines, lungs, and bladder. It is also often released in tandem with other neurotransmitters, perhaps to add chemical stability. See phosphorylationphosphorylation,
chemical process in which a phosphate group is added to an organic molecule. In living cells phosphorylation is associated with respiration, which takes place in the cell's mitochondria, and photosynthesis, which takes place in the chloroplasts.
..... Click the link for more information. . Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) A coenzyme and one of the most important compounds in the metabolism of all organisms, since it serves as a coupling agent between different enzymatic reactions. Adenosine triphosphate is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) with an additional phosphate group attached through a pyrophosphate linkage to the terminal phosphate group (see illustration). ATP is a powerful donor of phosphate groups to suitable acceptors because of the pyrophosphate nature of the bonds between its three phosphate radicals. For instance, in the phosphorylation of glucose, which is an essential reaction in carbohydrate metabolism, the enzyme hexokinase catalyzes the transfer of the terminal phosphate group.  Structure of adenylic acid and phosphate derivatives ADP and ATP ATP serves as the immediate source of energy for the mechanical work performed by muscle. In its presence, the muscle protein actomyosin contracts with the formation of adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate. ATP is also involved in the activation of amino acids, a necessary step in the synthesis of protein. See Muscle In metabolism, ATP is generated from adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate mainly as a consequence of energy-yielding oxidation-reduction reactions. In respiration, ATP is generated during the transport of electrons from the substrate to oxygen via the cytochrome system. In photosynthetic organisms, ATP is generated as a result of photochemical reactions. See Carbohydrate metabolism, Cytochrome By virtue of its energy-rich pyrophosphate bonds, ATP serves as a link between sources of energy available to a living system and the chemical and mechanical work which is associated with growth, reproduction, and maintenance of living substance. For this reason, it has been referred to as the storehouse of energy of living systems. Because ATP, ADP, and adenylic acid are constantly interconverted through participation in various metabolic processes, they act as coenzymes for the coupled reactions in which they function. See Biochemistry, Coenzyme, Metabolism adenosine triphosphate[ə¦dēn·ə‚sēn ‚tri·′fäs‚fāt] (biochemistry) C10H16N5O12P3 A coenzyme composed of adenosine diphosphate with an additional phosphate group; an important energy compound in metabolism. Abbreviated ATP. adenosine triphosphate
adenosine [ah-den´o-sēn] 1. a nucleoside composed of the pentose sugar d-ribose and adenine. It is a structural subunit of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Adenosine nucleotides are involved in the energy metabolism of all cells. Adenosine can be linked to a chain of one, two, or three phosphate groups to form adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), or adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The bond between the phosphate groups in ADP or the two bonds between phosphate groups in ATP are called high-energy bonds, because hydrolysis of a high-energy bond provides a large amount of free energy that can be used to drive other processes that would not otherwise occur. The energy that is derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, or proteins is used to synthesize ATP. The energy stored in ATP is then used directly or indirectly to drive all other cellular processes that require energy, of which there are four major types: (1) the transport of molecules and ions across cell membranes against concentration gradients, which maintains the internal environment of the cell and produces the membrane potential for the conduction of nerve impulses; (2) the contraction of muscle fibers and other fibers producing the motion of cells; (3) the synthesis of chemical compounds; (4) the synthesis of other high-energy compounds. Adenosine. 2. a preparation of adenosine, which acts as a cardiac depressant of automaticity in the sinus node and conduction in the atrioventricular node and as a vasodilator. It is used as an antiarrhythmic and is also used to cause coronary vasodilation during myocardial perfusion imaging in patients who cannot exercise adequately to perform an exercise stress test, administered intravenously.cyclic adenosine monophosphate a cyclic nucleotide, adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, involved in the action of many hormones, including catecholamines, ACTH, and vasopressin. The hormone binds to a specific receptor on the cell membrane of target cells. This activates an enzyme, adenylate cyclase, which produces cyclic AMP from ATP. Cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger activating other enzymes within the cell. Abbreviated 3′,5′-AMP, cAMP, and cyclic AMP.adenosine diphosphate (ADP) a nucleotide, adenosine 5′-pyrophosphate, produced by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is then converted back to ATP by the metabolic processes oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the cycle" >tricarboxylic acid cycle.adenosine monophosphate (AMP) a nucleotide, adenosine 5′-phosphate, involved in energy metabolism and nucleotide synthesis. Called also adenylic acid.adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) a term used to refer to the enzymatic activity of certain intercellular processes that split ATP to form ADP and inorganic phosphate, when the energy released is not used for the synthesis of chemical compounds. Examples are the splitting of ATP in muscle contraction and the transport of ions across cell membranes.adenosine triphosphate (ATP) a nucleotide, adenosine 5′-triphosphate, occurring in all cells, where it stores energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds. Free energy is supplied to drive metabolic reactions, to transport molecules against concentration gradients (active transport), and to produce mechanical motion (contraction of myofibrils and microtubules), when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate or to AMP and inorganic pyrophosphate. ATP is also used to produce high-energy phosphorylated intermediary metabolites, such as glucose 6-phosphate.a·den·o·sine 5'-tri·phos·phate (ATP), (ă-den'ō-sēn trī-fos'fāt), Adenosine with triphosphoric acid esterified at its 5' position; immediate precursor of adenine nucleotides in RNA; the primary energy currency of a cell. Synonym(s): adenosine triphosphateadenosine triphosphaten. ATP.adenosine triphosphate An adenosine with 3 high-energy phosphates, which is required for RNA synthesis and present in all living cells; ATP is a key energy source which drives many metabolic processes, including those involving motor proteins, movement of molecules against concentration gradients and the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids and other molecules.adenosine triphosphate (ATP) A compound found in cells, consisting of the NUCLEOSIDE adenosine attached to three molecules of phosphoric acid. Adenosine triphosphate is the main energy-releasing entity of the cell. While it is being formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), ATP accepts energy from the breakdown of fuel molecules. During its breakdown to ADP or AMP it donates the energy to cell functions. As the energy source for the entire body, ATP is constantly being formed and broken down. At rest, a human consumes about 40 Kg of ATP per day. During strenuous exercise the rate of ATP cycling may reach half a Kg per minute.adenosine triphosphate see ATP.a·den·o·sine 5'-tri·phos·phate (ATP) (ă-denŏ-sēn trī-fosfāt) Adenosine with triphosphoric acid esterified at its 5' position; immediate precursor of adenine nucleotides in RNA; the promary energeny of a cell. FinancialSeeATPAcronymsSeeat this pointadenosine triphosphate
Related to adenosine triphosphate: adenosine stress testSynonyms for adenosine triphosphatenoun a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissueSynonymsRelated Words |