malignant hyperthermia

hyperthermia

[hi″per-ther´me-ah] 1. greatly increased temperature; see also fever. Called also hyperpyrexia. adj., adj hyperther´mal, hyperther´mic.2. a nursing diagnosis accepted by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, defined as the state in which an individual's body temperature is elevated above his or her normal range.malignant hyperthermia a syndrome affecting patients undergoing anesthesia" >general anesthesia, marked by rapid rise in body temperature, signs of increased muscle metabolism, and usually rigidity. The sensitivity is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.

ma·lig·nant hy·per·ther·mi·a

rapid onset of extremely high fever with muscle rigidity, precipitated by exogenous agents in genetically susceptible people, especially by halothane or succinylcholine. Compare: futile cycle. Synonym(s): fulminant hyperpyrexia

malignant hyperthermia, susceptibility to, 1

An autosomal dominant (OMIM:145600) condition of variable penetration in which a patient, when subjected to certain anaesthetics (halothane, diethyl-ether, cyclopropane, enflurane and psychotropics), develops a potentially fatal reaction (up to 70% mortality in acute episodes), which occurs in 1/15,000 administrations of anaesthesics in children and 1/50–100,000 in adults; 1/2 of cases had not been previously sensitive to anaesthesia. Anaesthetised patients may develop high fever and muscle rigidity with rhabdomyolysis, release of myoglobin, renal damage and acute renal failure.
Clinical findings
Tachycardia, tachypnoea, cyanosis, labile blood pressure, muscle rigidity, rapid and marked hyperpyrexia, acidotic, hyperkalemic, possibly DIC, renal failure; similar reactions may be evoked in these patients by warm weather, exercise, emotional stress or without known environmental cues, and are initiated by muscular hypermetabolism due to an idiopathic increase in sarcoplasmic calcium occurring under general anaesthesia.
Diagnosis
Muscle contraction test with halothane or caffeine challenge.

Management
Hypothermia, hydration, sodium bicarbonate infusion, mechanical hyperventilation, diuretics to increased urine flow, dantrolene (an agent that blocks excitation-contraction coupling between T tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum).
Molecular pathology
Caused by defects in RYR1, which encodes ryanodine receptor 1, a calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and plays a key role in triggering muscle contraction.

ma·lig·nant hy·per·ther·mi·a

(mă-lig'nănt hī'pĕr-thĕr'mē-ă) Rapid onset of extremely high fever with muscle rigidity, precipitated by exogenous agents in genetically susceptible people, especially by halothane or succinylcholine.

malignant hyperthermia

A rare inherited muscle disorder that leads to dangerously high fever from intense muscle contraction when the affected person is given a general anaesthetic drug such as halothane, cyclopropane or ethyl ether, or a muscle relaxant drug such as succinylcholine. Emergency treatment to cool the patient, to neutralize the rapid rise in blood lactic acid from the muscles, and to reverse the abnormal muscle response, is needed to save life.

Malignant hyperthermia

A type of reaction (probably with a genetic basis) that can occur during general anesthesia in which the patient experiences a high fever, the muscles become rigid, and the heart rate and blood pressure fluctuate.Mentioned in: Anesthesia, General, Anesthesia, Local, Fever

ma·lig·nant hy·per·ther·mi·a

(mă-lig'nănt hī'pĕr-thĕr'mē-ă) Rapid onset of extremely high fever with muscle rigidity, precipitated by exogenous agents in genetically susceptible people.

malignant hyperthermia

malignant hyperthermia

hyperthermia

ma·lig·nant hy·per·ther·mi·a

malignant hyperthermia, susceptibility to, 1

ma·lig·nant hy·per·ther·mi·a

malignant hyperthermia

Malignant hyperthermia

ma·lig·nant hy·per·ther·mi·a

malignant hyperthermia

Words related to malignant hyperthermia

noun hereditary condition in which certain anesthetics (e

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