malic acid

mal·ic acid

M0060800 (măl′ĭk, mā′lĭk)n. A colorless, crystalline compound, C₄H₆O₅, used as a flavoring in foods and beverages. The levorotary form occurs naturally in wine and in many fruits, including apples, cherries, and tomatoes.

[French (acide) malique, from Latin mālum, apple, from Greek mēlon, mālon.]

malic acid

(ˈmælɪk; ˈmeɪ-) n (Elements & Compounds) a colourless crystalline compound occurring in apples and other fruits. Formula: HOOCCH2CH(OH)COOH[C18 malic, via French malique from Latin mālum apple]

mal′ic ac′id

n. a colorless, crystalline, water-soluble solid, C₄H₆O₅, occurring in apples and other fruits, used to age wine. [1790–1800]

Translations

ácido málico

malic acid

malic acid:

see Krebs cycleKrebs cycle,
series of chemical reactions carried out in the living cell; in most higher animals, including humans, it is essential for the oxidative metabolism of glucose and other simple sugars.
..... Click the link for more information. .

Malic Acid

(also called hydroxysuccinic acid), HOOCCH₂CH(OH)COOH, a dibasic hydroxycarboxylic acid. Malic acid takes the form of a colorless, hygroscopic, crystalline compound that is readily soluble in water and ethyl alcohol; it has a melting point of 100°C.

Malic acid was first isolated by K. Scheele, who in 1785 obtained it from unripe apples. The L-form of the acid is found in plants either in the free state or as acid salts; the presence of either the acid or salt makes possible the acid reaction of cell fluid. Fruits rich in malic acid include barberries, raspberries, apples, and the berries of the mountain ash; the vegetative organs of succulents, especially Crassulaceae, also contain considerable amounts of the acid. The tobacco plants Nicotiana rustica and Nicotiana tabacum contain the nicotine salts of the acid.

Malic acid is an intermediate in cell respiration—in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and its variant, the glyoxylate cycle. In plants containing considerable amounts of organic acids (for example, rhubarb, begonia, and dock), free ammonia is rendered harmless by the formation of the ammonium salts of organic acids, including malic acid. Malic acid is used by many microorganisms as an energy substrate or a source of carbon. It is formed as a by-product in various types of fermentation.

Malic acid is used in the production of fruit drinks and candies.

E. P. FEDENKO

malic acid

[′mal·ik ′as·əd] (biochemistry) COOH·CH₂·CHOH·COOH Hydroxysuccinic acid: a dibasic hydroxy acid existing in two optically active isomers and a racemate form; found in apples and many other fruits.

malic acid

cycle

[si´k'l] a succession or recurring series of events.cardiac cycle a complete cardiac movement, or heart beat, including systole, diastole, and the intervening pause.

Cardiac cycle. From Applegate, 2000.cell cycle the cycle of biochemical and morphological events occurring in a reproducing cell population; it consists of the S phase, occurring toward the end of interphase, in which DNA is synthesized; the G₂ phase, a relatively quiescent period; the M phase, consisting of the four phases of mitosis; and the G₁ phase of interphase, which lasts until the S phase of the next cycle.citric acid cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle.estrous cycle the recurring periods of estrus in adult females of most mammalian species and the correlated changes in the reproductive tract from one period to another.hair cycle the successive phases of the production and then loss of hair, consisting of anagen, catagen, and telogen.Krebs cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle.menstrual cycle see menstrual cycle.ovarian cycle the sequence of physiologic changes in the ovary involved in ovulation; see also ovulation and reproduction.reproductive cycle the cycle of physiologic changes in the reproductive organs, from the time of fertilization of the ovum through gestation and childbirth; see also reproduction.sex cycle (sexual cycle) 1. the physiologic changes that recur regularly in the reproductive organs of nonpregnant female mammals.2. the period of sexual reproduction in an organism that also reproduces asexually.TCA cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle.tricarboxylic acid cycle the cyclic metabolic mechanism by which the complete oxidation of the acetyl portion of acetyl-coenzyme A is effected; the process is the chief source of mammalian energy, during which carbon chains of sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids are metabolized to yield carbon dioxide, water, and high-energy phosphate bonds. Called also citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle, and TCA cycle.

Central pathways of metabolism: How the body produces energy from the energy-containing nutrients using the tricarboxylic acid cycle. From Davis and Sherer, 1994.urea cycle a cyclic series of reactions that produce urea" >urea; it is a major route for removal of the ammonia produced in the metabolism of amino acids in the liver and kidney.

mal·ic ac·id

(mal'ik as'id), Hydroxysuccinic acid; found in apples and various other tart fruits; an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the glyoxylate cycle, and in the malate-aspartate shuttle system. Synonym(s): monohydroxysuccinic acid

mal·ic ac·id

(mal'ik as'id) Hydroxysuccinic acid; found in apples and various other tart fruits; an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, and in a shuttle system.

malic acid

A drug used to clean external wounds and ulcers and remove dead tissue. A brand name is Aserbine.

Fig. 215 Malic acid . Molecular structure.

malic acid

malate

a four-carbon organic acid which is an intermediate step in the KREBS CYCLE, formed by the HYDROLYSIS of fumaric acid (see Fig. 215 ). Malic acid is also important in C₄ PLANTS (such as sugar cane), in which carbon is ‘captured’ from CO₂ to form malic acid and other C₄ acids in MESOPHYLL cells, before being transferred to the CALVIN CYCLE taking place in the CHLOROPLASTS of special cells nearby. see KRANZ ANATOMY.

单词	malic acid
释义	malic acid mal·ic acid M0060800 (măl′ĭk, mā′lĭk)n. A colorless, crystalline compound, C₄H₆O₅, used as a flavoring in foods and beverages. The levorotary form occurs naturally in wine and in many fruits, including apples, cherries, and tomatoes. [French (acide) malique, from Latin mālum, apple, from Greek mēlon, mālon.] malic acid (ˈmælɪk; ˈmeɪ-) n (Elements & Compounds) a colourless crystalline compound occurring in apples and other fruits. Formula: HOOCCH2CH(OH)COOH[C18 malic, via French malique from Latin mālum apple] mal′ic ac′id n. a colorless, crystalline, water-soluble solid, C₄H₆O₅, occurring in apples and other fruits, used to age wine. [1790–1800] Translations ácido málico malic acid malic acid: see Krebs cycleKrebs cycle, series of chemical reactions carried out in the living cell; in most higher animals, including humans, it is essential for the oxidative metabolism of glucose and other simple sugars. ..... Click the link for more information. . Malic Acid (also called hydroxysuccinic acid), HOOCCH₂CH(OH)COOH, a dibasic hydroxycarboxylic acid. Malic acid takes the form of a colorless, hygroscopic, crystalline compound that is readily soluble in water and ethyl alcohol; it has a melting point of 100°C. Malic acid was first isolated by K. Scheele, who in 1785 obtained it from unripe apples. The L-form of the acid is found in plants either in the free state or as acid salts; the presence of either the acid or salt makes possible the acid reaction of cell fluid. Fruits rich in malic acid include barberries, raspberries, apples, and the berries of the mountain ash; the vegetative organs of succulents, especially Crassulaceae, also contain considerable amounts of the acid. The tobacco plants Nicotiana rustica and Nicotiana tabacum contain the nicotine salts of the acid. Malic acid is an intermediate in cell respiration—in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and its variant, the glyoxylate cycle. In plants containing considerable amounts of organic acids (for example, rhubarb, begonia, and dock), free ammonia is rendered harmless by the formation of the ammonium salts of organic acids, including malic acid. Malic acid is used by many microorganisms as an energy substrate or a source of carbon. It is formed as a by-product in various types of fermentation. Malic acid is used in the production of fruit drinks and candies. E. P. FEDENKO malic acid [′mal·ik ′as·əd] (biochemistry) COOH·CH₂·CHOH·COOH Hydroxysuccinic acid: a dibasic hydroxy acid existing in two optically active isomers and a racemate form; found in apples and many other fruits. malic acid cycle [si´k'l] a succession or recurring series of events.cardiac cycle a complete cardiac movement, or heart beat, including systole, diastole, and the intervening pause.Cardiac cycle. From Applegate, 2000.cell cycle the cycle of biochemical and morphological events occurring in a reproducing cell population; it consists of the S phase, occurring toward the end of interphase, in which DNA is synthesized; the G₂ phase, a relatively quiescent period; the M phase, consisting of the four phases of mitosis; and the G₁ phase of interphase, which lasts until the S phase of the next cycle.citric acid cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle.estrous cycle the recurring periods of estrus in adult females of most mammalian species and the correlated changes in the reproductive tract from one period to another.hair cycle the successive phases of the production and then loss of hair, consisting of anagen, catagen, and telogen.Krebs cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle.menstrual cycle see menstrual cycle.ovarian cycle the sequence of physiologic changes in the ovary involved in ovulation; see also ovulation and reproduction.reproductive cycle the cycle of physiologic changes in the reproductive organs, from the time of fertilization of the ovum through gestation and childbirth; see also reproduction.sex cycle (sexual cycle) 1. the physiologic changes that recur regularly in the reproductive organs of nonpregnant female mammals.2. the period of sexual reproduction in an organism that also reproduces asexually.TCA cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle.tricarboxylic acid cycle the cyclic metabolic mechanism by which the complete oxidation of the acetyl portion of acetyl-coenzyme A is effected; the process is the chief source of mammalian energy, during which carbon chains of sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids are metabolized to yield carbon dioxide, water, and high-energy phosphate bonds. Called also citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle, and TCA cycle. Central pathways of metabolism: How the body produces energy from the energy-containing nutrients using the tricarboxylic acid cycle. From Davis and Sherer, 1994.urea cycle a cyclic series of reactions that produce urea" >urea; it is a major route for removal of the ammonia produced in the metabolism of amino acids in the liver and kidney. mal·ic ac·id (mal'ik as'id), Hydroxysuccinic acid; found in apples and various other tart fruits; an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the glyoxylate cycle, and in the malate-aspartate shuttle system. Synonym(s): monohydroxysuccinic acid mal·ic ac·id (mal'ik as'id) Hydroxysuccinic acid; found in apples and various other tart fruits; an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, and in a shuttle system. malic acid A drug used to clean external wounds and ulcers and remove dead tissue. A brand name is Aserbine. Fig. 215 Malic acid . Molecular structure. malic acid or malate a four-carbon organic acid which is an intermediate step in the KREBS CYCLE, formed by the HYDROLYSIS of fumaric acid (see Fig. 215 ). Malic acid is also important in C₄ PLANTS (such as sugar cane), in which carbon is ‘captured’ from CO₂ to form malic acid and other C₄ acids in MESOPHYLL cells, before being transferred to the CALVIN CYCLE taking place in the CHLOROPLASTS of special cells nearby. see KRANZ ANATOMY. FinancialSeeCycleThesaurusSeeKrebs cycle
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