Kennan, George Frost

Kennan, George Frost,

1904–2005, U.S. diplomat and historian, b. Milwaukee, Wis., grad. Princeton, 1925. A brilliant strategist and among the most influential and intellectual Americans in the 20th-century Foreign Service, he served from 1927 in various diplomatic posts in Europe, including Geneva, Hamburg, Riga, Berlin, Prague, Lisbon, and Moscow. Kennan was perhaps the first senior U.S. diplomat to recognize the dangers inherent in the Soviet system and its aims. From his post in Moscow he sent his "Long Telegram" (1946), which with his 1947 Foreign Policy article (published under the pseudonym X) was pivotal in the establishment of the U.S. cold warcold war,
term used to describe the shifting struggle for power and prestige between the Western powers and the Communist bloc from the end of World War II until 1989. Of worldwide proportions, the conflict was tacit in the ideological differences between communism and
..... Click the link for more information. policy of Soviet "containment" (rather than military confrontation) that ultimately won that conflict.

In 1947 he became chairman of the policy-planning staff of the State Dept., and contributed to the development of the Marshall PlanMarshall Plan
or European Recovery Program,
project instituted at the Paris Economic Conference (July, 1947) to foster economic recovery in certain European countries after World War II. The Marshall Plan took form when U.S. Secretary of State George C.
..... Click the link for more information. . He also was influential in the development of what became the Central Intelligence Agency's clandestine service. Later (1949–50) he was one of the chief advisers to Secretary of State Dean AchesonAcheson, Dean Gooderham
, 1893–1971, U.S. secretary of state (1949–52), b. Middletown, Conn., grad. Yale, Harvard Law School. He was (1919–21) private secretary to Louis Brandeis, became a successful lawyer, and served (1933) as undersecretary of the treasury
..... Click the link for more information. , but increasingly he disagreed with those in the government who emphasized the military aspects of containment, believing that Soviet expansion should be contained more through political and economic means. Kennan was appointed ambassador to the USSR in 1952, but was recalled at the demand of the Soviet government because of comments he made on the isolation of diplomats in Moscow and on the campaign that Soviet propagandists were conducting against the United States.

Retiring from the diplomatic service in 1953, he joined the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, N.J., and from 1956 until 1974 was a professor at its school of historical studies. In the late 1950s he became an advocate of the withdrawal of U.S. forces from Western Europe and of Soviet forces from the satellite countries. From 1961 to 1963 he served as U.S. ambassador to Yugoslavia, and in the mid-1960s he opposed U.S. involvement in Vietnam, regarding the conflict there as peripheral to U.S. interests. In general, he opposed the militarization and aggressiveness that tended to characterize American foreign policy at the time, and during the 1970s and 80s he frequently expressed his fear of the dangers of nuclear weaponry. Kennan was also a pioneer in his concern for the ravaging of the environment and the perils of overpopulation. His more than 20 noteworthy books include American Diplomacy, 1900–1950 (1951), Soviet-American Relations, 1917–1920 (2 vol., 1956–58; Vol. I, Pulitzer Prize), Russia and the West under Lenin and Stalin (1961), Nuclear Delusion (1982), and At a Century's Ending (1996).

Bibliography

See George F. Kennan and the Origins of Containment, 1944–1946: The Kennan-Lukacs Correspondence (1997) and J. Lukacs, ed., Through the History of the Cold War: The Correspondence of George F. Kennan and John Lukacs (2010); F. Costigliola, ed., The Kennan Diaries (2014); his memoirs (2 vol., 1967–72; Vol. I, Pulitzer Prize) and the autobiographical Sketches from a Life (1989); biographies by J. Lukacs (2007) and J. L. Gaddis (2011); N. Thompson, The Hawk and the Dove: Paul Nitze, George Kennan, and the History of the Cold War (2009).

Kennan, George Frost

Born Feb. 16, 1904, in Milwaukee. American diplomat and historian.

After graduating from Princeton University in 1925, Kennan worked at the US State Department, occupying various diplomatic and consular posts. Kennan was one of the authors of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan; he actively supported the policy of “containing communism” and took part in the establishment of NATO. In March 1952 he was appointed US ambassador to the USSR; however, in October 1952, in connection with hostile attacks against the Soviet Union, he was declared persona non grata by the Soviet government. He worked as a scholar and teacher from 1953 to 1961 and is a professor at Princeton University. From 1961 to 1963 he was US ambassador to Yugoslavia. In the later years of the Eisenhower administration, Kennan criticized certain aspects of the government’s foreign policy and called for an unbiased revision of the US position in the world. He is considered one of the leading American specialists on the Soviet Union. He is the author of a number of books on US foreign policy and Soviet-American relations, including Memoirs (vols. 1–2, 1967–72). [12–122–4; updated]

单词	kennan, george frost
释义	DictionarySeeGeorge Frost Kennan Kennan, George Frost Kennan, George Frost, 1904–2005, U.S. diplomat and historian, b. Milwaukee, Wis., grad. Princeton, 1925. A brilliant strategist and among the most influential and intellectual Americans in the 20th-century Foreign Service, he served from 1927 in various diplomatic posts in Europe, including Geneva, Hamburg, Riga, Berlin, Prague, Lisbon, and Moscow. Kennan was perhaps the first senior U.S. diplomat to recognize the dangers inherent in the Soviet system and its aims. From his post in Moscow he sent his "Long Telegram" (1946), which with his 1947 Foreign Policy article (published under the pseudonym X) was pivotal in the establishment of the U.S. cold warcold war, term used to describe the shifting struggle for power and prestige between the Western powers and the Communist bloc from the end of World War II until 1989. Of worldwide proportions, the conflict was tacit in the ideological differences between communism and ..... Click the link for more information. policy of Soviet "containment" (rather than military confrontation) that ultimately won that conflict. In 1947 he became chairman of the policy-planning staff of the State Dept., and contributed to the development of the Marshall PlanMarshall Plan or European Recovery Program, project instituted at the Paris Economic Conference (July, 1947) to foster economic recovery in certain European countries after World War II. The Marshall Plan took form when U.S. Secretary of State George C. ..... Click the link for more information. . He also was influential in the development of what became the Central Intelligence Agency's clandestine service. Later (1949–50) he was one of the chief advisers to Secretary of State Dean AchesonAcheson, Dean Gooderham , 1893–1971, U.S. secretary of state (1949–52), b. Middletown, Conn., grad. Yale, Harvard Law School. He was (1919–21) private secretary to Louis Brandeis, became a successful lawyer, and served (1933) as undersecretary of the treasury ..... Click the link for more information. , but increasingly he disagreed with those in the government who emphasized the military aspects of containment, believing that Soviet expansion should be contained more through political and economic means. Kennan was appointed ambassador to the USSR in 1952, but was recalled at the demand of the Soviet government because of comments he made on the isolation of diplomats in Moscow and on the campaign that Soviet propagandists were conducting against the United States. Retiring from the diplomatic service in 1953, he joined the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, N.J., and from 1956 until 1974 was a professor at its school of historical studies. In the late 1950s he became an advocate of the withdrawal of U.S. forces from Western Europe and of Soviet forces from the satellite countries. From 1961 to 1963 he served as U.S. ambassador to Yugoslavia, and in the mid-1960s he opposed U.S. involvement in Vietnam, regarding the conflict there as peripheral to U.S. interests. In general, he opposed the militarization and aggressiveness that tended to characterize American foreign policy at the time, and during the 1970s and 80s he frequently expressed his fear of the dangers of nuclear weaponry. Kennan was also a pioneer in his concern for the ravaging of the environment and the perils of overpopulation. His more than 20 noteworthy books include American Diplomacy, 1900–1950 (1951), Soviet-American Relations, 1917–1920 (2 vol., 1956–58; Vol. I, Pulitzer Prize), Russia and the West under Lenin and Stalin (1961), Nuclear Delusion (1982), and At a Century's Ending (1996). Bibliography See George F. Kennan and the Origins of Containment, 1944–1946: The Kennan-Lukacs Correspondence (1997) and J. Lukacs, ed., Through the History of the Cold War: The Correspondence of George F. Kennan and John Lukacs (2010); F. Costigliola, ed., The Kennan Diaries (2014); his memoirs (2 vol., 1967–72; Vol. I, Pulitzer Prize) and the autobiographical Sketches from a Life (1989); biographies by J. Lukacs (2007) and J. L. Gaddis (2011); N. Thompson, The Hawk and the Dove: Paul Nitze, George Kennan, and the History of the Cold War (2009). Kennan, George Frost Born Feb. 16, 1904, in Milwaukee. American diplomat and historian. After graduating from Princeton University in 1925, Kennan worked at the US State Department, occupying various diplomatic and consular posts. Kennan was one of the authors of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan; he actively supported the policy of “containing communism” and took part in the establishment of NATO. In March 1952 he was appointed US ambassador to the USSR; however, in October 1952, in connection with hostile attacks against the Soviet Union, he was declared persona non grata by the Soviet government. He worked as a scholar and teacher from 1953 to 1961 and is a professor at Princeton University. From 1961 to 1963 he was US ambassador to Yugoslavia. In the later years of the Eisenhower administration, Kennan criticized certain aspects of the government’s foreign policy and called for an unbiased revision of the US position in the world. He is considered one of the leading American specialists on the Soviet Union. He is the author of a number of books on US foreign policy and Soviet-American relations, including Memoirs (vols. 1–2, 1967–72). [12–122–4; updated]
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