angle

a geometric figure; an angular projection; a projecting corner: the angles of a building; a viewpoint; standpoint: He looked at the situation from every angle.
Not to be confused with:angel – a heavenly creature: Your mother is such an angel.

An·gle

A0301600 (ăng′gəl)n. A member of a Germanic people that migrated to England from southern Jutland in the 5th century ad, founded the kingdoms of Northumbria, East Anglia, and Mercia, and together with the Jutes and Saxons formed the Anglo-Saxon peoples.

[From Latin Anglī, the Angles, of Germanic origin.]

an·gle¹

A0301600 (ăng′gəl)intr.v. an·gled, an·gling, an·gles 1. To fish with a hook and line.2. To try to get something by indirect or artful means: angle for a promotion.n. Obsolete A fishhook or fishing tackle.

[Middle English anglen, from angel, fishhook, from Old English.]

an·gle²

A0301600 (ăng′gəl)n.1. Mathematics a. The figure formed by two lines diverging from a common point.b. The figure formed by two planes diverging from a common line.c. The rotation required to superimpose either of two such lines or planes on the other.d. The space between such lines or surfaces.e. A solid angle.2. A sharp or projecting corner, as of a building.3. a. The place, position, or direction from which an object is presented to view: a building that looks impressive from any angle.b. An aspect, as of a problem, seen from a specific point of view.4. Slang A devious method; a scheme.v. an·gled, an·gling, an·gles v.tr.1. To move or turn (something) at an angle: angled the chair toward the window.2. Sports To hit (a ball or puck, for example) at an angle.3. Informal To impart a biased aspect or point of view to: angled the story in a way that criticized the candidate.v.intr. To continue along or turn at an angle or by angles: The road angles sharply to the left. The path angled through the woods.

[Middle English, from Old French, from Latin angulus.]

angle

(ˈæŋɡəl) n1. (Mathematics) the space between two straight lines that diverge from a common point or between two planes that extend from a common line2. (Mathematics) the shape formed by two such lines or planes3. (Mathematics) the extent to which one such line or plane diverges from another, measured in degrees or radians4. an angular projection or recess; corner5. standpoint; point of view: look at the question from another angle; the angle of a newspaper article. 6. informal a selfish or devious motive or purpose7. (Building) See angle ironvb8. to move in or bend into angles or an angle9. (tr) to produce (an article, statement, etc) with a particular point of view10. (tr) to present, direct, or place at an angle11. (intr) to turn or bend in a different direction: the path angled sharply to the left. [C14: from French, from Old Latin angulus corner]

angle

(ˈæŋɡəl) vb (intr) 1. (Angling) to fish with a hook and line2. (often foll by for) to attempt to get: he angled for a compliment. n (Angling) obsolete any piece of fishing tackle, esp a hook[Old English angul fish-hook; related to Old High German ango, Latin uncus, Greek onkos]

Angle

(ˈæŋɡəl) n (Peoples) a member of a West Germanic people from N Germany who invaded and settled large parts of E and N England in the 5th and 6th centuries ad[from Latin Anglus, from Germanic (compare English), an inhabitant of Angul, a district in Schleswig (now Angeln), a name identical with Old English angul hook, angle², referring to its shape]

an•gle¹

(ˈæŋ gəl)

n., v. -gled, -gling. n. 1. a. the space within two lines or three or more planes diverging from a common point, or within two planes diverging from a common line. b. the figure so formed. c. the amount of rotation needed to bring one line or plane into coincidence with another, generally measured in radians or degrees. 2. an angular projection; a projecting corner. 3. a viewpoint; standpoint. 4. the point of view from which journalistic copy is written; slant. 5. one aspect of an event, problem, subject, etc. 6. Informal. a secret motive. 7. any of the four interceptions of the equatorial circle by the horizon and the meridian. 8. angle iron (def. 2). v.t. 9. to move or bend in an angle. 10. to set, direct, or adjust at an angle: to angle a spotlight. 11. to slant (a piece of reporting) toward a particular point of view. v.i. 12. to turn sharply in a different direction: The road angles to the right. 13. to move or go in angles or at an angle. [1350–1400; Middle English < Middle French < Latin angulus]

an•gle²

(ˈæŋ gəl)
v.i. -gled, -gling. 1. to fish with hook and line. 2. to attempt to get something by sly or artful means; fish. [before 900; Middle English angelen, v. derivative of angel, angul fishhook, Old English angel, angul]

An•gle

(ˈæŋ gəl)

n. a member of a West Germanic people who migrated from continental Europe to Britain in the 5th century a.d. and founded the kingdoms of East Anglia, Mercia, and Northumbria. [< Old English Angle pl. (variant of Engle) tribal name of disputed orig.]

an·gle

(ăng′gəl)1. A geometric figure formed by two lines that begin at a common point or by two planes that begin at a common line.2. The space between such lines or planes, measured in degrees. See also acute angle, obtuse angle, right angle.

angle

Past participle: angled
Gerund: angling

Imperative
angle
angle

Present
I angle
you angle
he/she/it angles
we angle
you angle
they angle

Preterite
I angled
you angled
he/she/it angled
we angled
you angled
they angled

Present Continuous
I am angling
you are angling
he/she/it is angling
we are angling
you are angling
they are angling

Present Perfect
I have angled
you have angled
he/she/it has angled
we have angled
you have angled
they have angled

Past Continuous
I was angling
you were angling
he/she/it was angling
we were angling
you were angling
they were angling

Past Perfect
I had angled
you had angled
he/she/it had angled
we had angled
you had angled
they had angled

Future
I will angle
you will angle
he/she/it will angle
we will angle
you will angle
they will angle

Future Perfect
I will have angled
you will have angled
he/she/it will have angled
we will have angled
you will have angled
they will have angled

Future Continuous
I will be angling
you will be angling
he/she/it will be angling
we will be angling
you will be angling
they will be angling

Present Perfect Continuous
I have been angling
you have been angling
he/she/it has been angling
we have been angling
you have been angling
they have been angling

Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been angling
you will have been angling
he/she/it will have been angling
we will have been angling
you will have been angling
they will have been angling

Past Perfect Continuous
I had been angling
you had been angling
he/she/it had been angling
we had been angling
you had been angling
they had been angling

Conditional
I would angle
you would angle
he/she/it would angle
we would angle
you would angle
they would angle

Past Conditional
I would have angled
you would have angled
he/she/it would have angled
we would have angled
you would have angled
they would have angled

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	angle - the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radianscrotch, fork - the angle formed by the inner sides of the legs where they join the human trunkaxil - the upper angle between an axis and an offshoot such as a branch or leafstalkhelix angle - the constant angle at which a helix cuts the elements of a cylinder or conecomplementary angles - two angles whose sum is a right angleangular distance - the angular separation between two objects as perceived by an observer; "he recorded angular distances between the stars"plane angle - an angle formed by two straight lines (in the same plane)spherical angle - an angle formed at the intersection of the arcs of two great circlessolid angle - an angle formed by three or more planes intersecting at a common point (the vertex)angle of inclination, inclination - (geometry) the angle formed by the x-axis and a given line (measured counterclockwise from the positive half of the x-axis)inclination of an orbit, inclination - (astronomy) the angle between the plane of the orbit and the plane of the ecliptic stated in degreessalient angle - an angle pointing outward; an interior angle of a polygon that is less than 180 degreesinterior angle, internal angle - the angle inside two adjacent sides of a polygonexterior angle, external angle - the supplement of an interior angle of a polygonangle of incidence, incidence angle - the angle that a line makes with a line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidenceangle of reflection - the angle between a reflected ray and a line perpendicular to the reflecting surface at the point of incidenceangle of refraction - the angle between a refracted ray and a line perpendicular to the surface between the two media at the point of refractionangle of extinction, extinction angle - the angle from its axis that a crystal must be rotated before appearing maximally dark when viewed in polarized lightdogleg - angle that resembles the hind leg of a dogright angle - the 90 degree angle between two perpendicular linesoblique angle - an angle that is not a right angle or a multiple of a right anglereflex angle - an angle greater than 180 degrees (but less than 360)perigon, round angle - an angle of 360 degreescutting angle - the angle between the face of a cutting tool and the surface of the workangle of dip, magnetic dip, magnetic inclination, dip, inclination - (physics) the angle that a magnetic needle makes with the plane of the horizonlead - the angle between the direction a gun is aimed and the position of a moving target (correcting for the flight time of the missile)magnetic declination, magnetic variation, variation - the angle (at a particular location) between magnetic north and true northAZ, azimuth - the azimuth of a celestial body is the angle between the vertical plane containing it and the plane of the meridianspace - an empty area (usually bounded in some way between things); "the architect left space in front of the building"; "they stopped at an open space in the jungle"; "the space between his teeth"polyhedral angle - the space enclosed by three or more planes that intersect in a vertexface angle - the angle formed by two edges of a polyhedral angletilt angle - the angle a rocket makes with the vertical as it curves along its trajectoryvertical angle - either of two equal and opposite angles formed by the intersection of two straight linesangle of view, view angle - the angle included by a photographic lenswave angle - the angle of arrival (or departure) of a radio wave with respect to the axis of an antenna array
	2.	angle - a biased way of looking at or presenting somethingslantpoint of view, standpoint, viewpoint, stand - a mental position from which things are viewed; "we should consider this problem from the viewpoint of the Russians"; "teaching history gave him a special point of view toward current events"
	3.	Angle - a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Saxons and Jutes to become Anglo-SaxonsEuropean - a native or inhabitant of Europe
Verb	1.	angle - move or proceed at an angle; "he angled his way into the room"go, locomote, move, travel - change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically; "How fast does your new car go?"; "We travelled from Rome to Naples by bus"; "The policemen went from door to door looking for the suspect"; "The soldiers moved towards the city in an attempt to take it before night fell"; "news travelled fast"
	2.	angle - to incline or bend from a vertical position; "She leaned over the banister"lean, tilt, slant, tipbend, flex - form a curve; "The stick does not bend"slope, incline, pitch - be at an angle; "The terrain sloped down"weather - cause to slopeheel, list - tilt to one side; "The balloon heeled over"; "the wind made the vessel heel"; "The ship listed to starboard"lean back, recline - move the upper body backwards and down
	3.	angle - seek indirectly; "fish for compliments"fishlook for, search, seek - try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of; "The police are searching for clues"; "They are searching for the missing man in the entire county"
	4.	angle - fish with a hook fish - catch or try to catch fish or shellfish; "I like to go fishing on weekends"flyfish, fly-fish - fish with flies as lurestroll - angle with a hook and line drawn through the water
	5.	angle - present with a bias; "He biased his presentation so as to please the share holders"slant, weightbias, predetermine - cause to be biased

angle

noun1. gradient, bank, slope, incline, inclination The boat was leaning at a 30-degree angle.2. intersection, point, edge, corner, knee, bend, elbow, crook, crotch, nook, cusp brackets to adjust the steering wheel's angle3. point of view, position, approach, direction, aspect, perspective, outlook, viewpoint, slant, standpoint, take (informal), side He was considering the idea from all angles.verb1. slant, aim, bend, incline, tilt, skew You can angle the slats for more shade.angle for something seek, scheme, look for, hunt, invite, be after (informal), try for, aim for, contrive, fish for, solicit, set your sights on, cast about or around for It sounds as if he's just angling for sympathy.

angle¹

verbTo try to obtain something, usually by subtleness and cunning:fish, hint.

angle²

noun1. The particular angle from which something is considered:aspect, facet, frame of reference, hand, light, phase, regard, respect, side.2. The position from which something is observed or considered:eye, outlook, point of view, slant, standpoint, vantage, viewpoint.3. Slang. A clever, unexpected new trick or method:gimmick, twist.Informal: kicker, wrinkle.Slang: kick.verb1. To swerve from a straight line:arc, arch, bend, bow, crook, curve, round, turn.2. To cause to move, especially at an angle:bend, deflect, refract, turn.3. Informal. To direct (material) to the interests of a particular group:bias, skew, slant.

Translations

观点角角度角落钓鱼

angle¹

(ˈӕŋgl) noun1. the (amount of) space between two straight lines or surfaces that meet. an angle of 90.角2. a point of view. from a journalist's angle.观点3. a corner. 角落angular (ˈӕŋgjulə) adjective1. having (sharp) angles. an angular building.有角的2. (of a person) thin and bony. She is tall and angular.骨瘦如柴的angularity (-ˈlӕ-) noun 成角度，角状

angle²

(ˈӕŋgl) verb to use a rod and line to try to catch fish. angling for trout.钓鱼ˈangler noun a person who fishes with a rod and line. 钓鱼者ˈangling noun钓鱼术

angle

→ 角度zhCN

angle

[ang´g'l] the space or figure formed by two diverging lines, measured as the number of degrees one would have to be moved to coincide with the other.acromial angle that between the head of the humerus and the clavicle.alpha angle that formed by intersection of the visual axis with the optic axis.buccal a's 1. the tooth angles between the buccal surface and the other surfaces of a posterior tooth; see accompanying illustration.2. the cavity angles between the buccal wall of a tooth cavity and other walls.cardiodiaphragmatic angle that formed by the junction of the shadows of the heart and diaphragm in posteroanterior radiographs of the heart.cavity a's the angles formed by the junction of two or more walls of a tooth cavity, named according to the walls participating in their formation.cavosurface angle the angle formed by the junction of a wall of a tooth cavity preparation and a surface of the crown of the tooth.costovertebral angle the angle formed on either side of the vertebral column between the last rib and the lumbar vertebrae.distal a's 1. the tooth angles formed between the distal surface and the other surfaces of a tooth; see accompanying illustration.2. the cavity angles between the distal wall of a tooth cavity and other walls.filtration angle (angle of the iris) the angle between the iris and cornea at the periphery of the anterior chamber of the eye, through which the aqueous humor readily permeates.angle of jaw the junction of the lower edge with the posterior edge of the lower jaw.lingual a's 1. the tooth angles formed between the lingual surface and the other surfaces of a tooth; see accompanying illustration.2. the cavity angles between the lingual wall of a tooth cavity preparation and other walls.angle of Louis an anatomical landmark located on the sternum; it can be felt as a notch or ridge at the top of the sternum.mesial a's 1. the tooth angles formed between the mesial surface and other surfaces of a tooth; see accompanying illustration.2. the cavity angles between the mesial wall of a tooth cavity and other walls.meter angle the angle formed by intersection of the visual axis and the perpendicular bisector of the line joining the centers of rotation of the two eyes when viewing a point one meter distant (small meter angle) or the angle formed by intersection of the visual axes of the two eyes in the midline at a distance of one meter (large meter angle).optic angle visual angle.angle of pubis that between the pubic bones at the symphysis.sternoclavicular angle that between the sternum and the clavicle.tooth a's the angles formed by the junction of two or more surfaces of a tooth, named according to the surfaces participating in their formation

Tooth angles: Top, line angles; Bottom, point angles. From Dorland's, 2000. (see accompanying illustration).visual angle the angle between two lines passing from the edges of an object seen, through the point" >nodal point of the eye, to the corresponding edges of the image of the object seen.

An·gle

(ang'gĕl), Edward Hartley, U.S. orthodontist, 1855-1930. See: Angle classification of malocclusion.

an·gle (θ),

(ang'gl), [TA] The meeting point of two lines or planes; the figure formed by the junction of two lines or planes; the space bounded on two sides by converging lines or planes. For angles not listed below, see the descriptive term; for example, axioincisal, distobuccal, labiogingival, linguogingival (2), mesiogingival, and proximobuccal. Synonym(s): angulus [TA] [L. angulus]

an·gle

(ang'gĕl) [TA] The figure formed by the junction of two lines or planes; the space bounded on two sides by lines or planes that meet. For specific angles, see the descriptive term, e.g., axioincisal, distobuccal, labiogingival, linguogingival (2), mesiogingival, proximobuccal.
Synonym(s): angulus [TA] . [L. angulus]

angle

(ang'gel) [L. angulus, corner, angle] 1. The figure or space outlined by the diverging of two lines from a common point or by the meeting of two planes.2. A projecting or sharp corner.

A ANGLE: The A angle is the relationship between the long axis of the patella and the tibial tuberosity; the Q angle describes the relationship between the long axis of the femur, measured from the anterior superior ilac spine.

A angle

The orientation of the patella relative to the tibial tubercle. The angle is formed by the intersection of a line bisecting the long axis of the patella and a passed through the tibial tubercle to the apex of the inferior pole of the patella. See: illustration

acromial angle

The angle formed by the junction of the lateral and posterior borders of the acromion.

acute angle

An angle less than 90°.

alpha angle

The angle formed by intersection of the visual line with the optic axis.

alveolar angle

The angle between the horizontal plane and a line drawn through the base of the nasal spine and the middle point of the alveolus of the upper jaw.

anterior chamber angle

The angle between the cornea and iris at the periphery of the anterior chamber of the eye.

biorbital angle

The angle formed by the meeting of the axes of the orbits.

cardiophrenic angle

The medial inferior corner of the pulmonary cavity bordered by the heart and diaphragm.

carrying angle

The angle in the sagittal plane made at the elbow by extending the long axis of the forearm and the upper arm. This obtuse angle is more pronounced in women than in men. Synonym: carrying angle of arm.

caudal angle

In radiology, angulation of the central ray toward the patient's feet.

cavity angle

The angle formed by two or more walls of a cavity preparation in restorative dentistry.

cephalic angle

In radiology, angulation of the central ray toward the patient's head.

cephalometric angle

The angle formed by intersecting anthropometric lines. It is used in studies of the skull and for the diagnosis of malocclusions of dental, skeletal, and dentoskeletal origin.

cerebellopontine angle

The angle formed by the junction of the cerebellum and the pons. Synonym: pontine angle

cervicofemoral angle

See: angle of inclination

Cobb angle

See: Cobb angle

angle of convergence

The angle between the visual axis and the median line when an object is looked at.

costal angle

The meeting point of the lower border of the false ribs with the axis of the sternum.

costophrenic angle

The lateral inferior corner of the pulmonary cavity bordered by the ribs and diaphragm.

costovertebral angle

The angle formed on each side of the trunk by the junction of the last rib with the lumbar vertebrae.

craniofacial angle

The angle formed by the basifacial and basicranial axes at the midpoint of the sphenoethmoidal suture.

facial angle

The angle made by lines from the nasal spine and external auditory meatus meeting between the upper middle incisor teeth.

flat angle

The angle between two lines that join at an angle of almost 180°.

gamma angle

The angle between the line of vision and the optic axis.

gonial angle

Angle of jaw.

Hilgenreiner epiphyseal angle

See: Hilgenreiner epiphyseal angle

angle of incidence

The angle between a ray striking a surface and a line drawn perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.

angle of inclinication (of the hip)

The angle between the femoral neck and the shaft of the femur. This angle is normally 35° in infancy; with maturation of the skeleton it increases to 45°. Synonym: cervicofemoral angle

angle of jaw

The angle formed where the vertical back edge of the ramus of the mandible meets the horizontal edge along the bottom. Synonym: gonial angle; angle of mandible

angle of mandible

Angle of jaw.

metafacial angle

The angle between the base of the skull and the pterygoid process.

obtuse angle

An angle greater than 90°.

occipital angle

The angle formed at the opisthion by the intersection of lines from the basion and from the lower border of the orbit.

ophryospinal angle

The angle formed at the anterior nasal spine by the intersection of lines drawn from the auricular point and the glabella.

parietal angle

The angle formed by the meeting of a line drawn tangent to the maximum curve of the zygomatic arch and a line drawn tangent to the end of the maximum frontal diameter of the skull. If these lines are parallel, the angle is zero; if they diverge, a negative angle is formed.

pontine angle

Cerebellopontine angle.

prophy angle

In dentistry, a wheel containing pieces of wire. It is used for cleaning metal surfaces.

pubic angle

The angle formed by the junction of the rami of the pubic bones.

Q angle

The acute angle formed by a line from the anterior superior iliac spine of the pelvis through the center of the patella and a line from the tibial tubercle through the patella. The angle describes the tracking of the patella in the trochlear groove of the femur. In women, the Q angle should be less than 22° with the knee in extension and less than 9° with the knee in 90° of flexion. In men, the Q angle should be less than 18° with the knee in extension and less than 8° with the knee in 90° of flexion. See: A angle for illus

angle of refraction

The angle formed by a refracted ray of light with a line perpendicular to the surface at the refraction point.

right angle

An angle of 90°.

sacrolumbar angle

The angle formed by articulation of the last lumbar vertebra and the sacrum.

sacrovertebral angle

The angle formed by the base of the sacrum and the fifth lumbar vertebra.

sphenoid angle

The angle formed at the top of the sella turcica by the intersection of lines drawn from the nasal point and the tip of the rostrum of the sphenoid.

sternal angle

The angle formed by the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum.

angle of Treitz

The sharp curve at the duodenojejunal junction.

venous angle

The angle formed by the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins.

visual angle

The angle between the line of sight and the extremities of the object seen.

angle

1. The figure formed by two intersecting lines or planes at one point. 2. The direction from which an object is viewed. 3. The form produced by a change in direction of a line or plane.
angle alpha Angle between the visual axis and the optical axis formed at the first nodal point of the eye. The visual axis usually lies nasal to the optical axis on the plane of the cornea (positive angle alpha). It is, on average, equal to about 5º in the adult eye. If it lies temporal to the optical axis, the angle is denoted negative (Fig. A9). Symbol: α. See angle lambda.
angle of altitude 1. The angle through which the eyes have turned up or down from the primary position by a rotation about the transverse axis (x-axis). 2. The angle between the plane of regard and the subjective horizontal plane. Syn. angle of elevation.
angle of anomaly Angle between the line of visual direction of the fovea and the line of visual direction of the abnormal corresponding point of the same deviated eye. It is usually represented by the difference between the objective and subjective angles of deviation in abnormal retinal correspondence. See line of direction; abnormal retinal correspondence.
angle of the anterior chamber Angle at the periphery of the anterior chamber formed by the root of the iris, the front surface of the ciliary body and the trabecular meshwork. Syn. angle of filtration; drainage angle; irido-corneal angle. See gonioscope; Shaffer and Schwartz van Herick method; Smith's method; shadow test.
apical angle See prism angle.
angle of azimuth The angle through which the eyes have turned right or left from the primary position by a rotation about the vertical axis.
Brewster's angle See angle of polarization.
contact angle Angle formed by a surface and a tangent to a sessile drop of fluid (usually water) at the point where the drop meets the surface. This angle indicates the degree of wettability of that surface. The more wettable (or hydrophilic) the material, the smaller the angle, being equal to 0º for a completely hydrophilic material when water spreads evenly over that surface. Hydrophobic surfaces can have contact angles greater than 90º, e.g. silicone rubber in which the angle is about 120º (Fig. A10). Syn. wetting angle. See sessile drop test.
angle of convergence Angle between the lines of sight of the two eyes which are in a state of convergence. The angle is positive when the lines of sight intersect in front of the eyes, and negative when they intersect behind the eyes. Note: some authors regard the angle of convergence as the rotation of one eye only towards the fixation point, and refer to the angle of convergence of both eyes, defined above, as the total angle of convergence or the total convergence. The total angle of convergence required for binocular fixation of a target is equal to

orconvergence (in Χ) = convergence (in ma)✕ PD (in cm)where d is the distance between the target and the midpoint of the base line and PD the interpupillary distance. Syn. angle of triangulation. See metre angle; prism dioptre; line of sight.
critical angle That angle of incidence which results in the refracted ray travelling along the surface between the two media (angle of refraction equal to 90º). If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, the ray is totally reflected. If, however, the angle of incidence is smaller than the critical angle, the ray is refracted (with some light reflected). The critical angle i_c is given by the following formulasin i_c = n/n′where n and n' are the indices of the media on each side of the surface, with the light travelling from the high index medium n to the low index medium n′ (Fig. A11). Syn. limiting angle. See fibre optics; reflecting prism; total reflection; refractometer.
angle of deviation 1. Angle through which a ray of light is deviated on reflection by a mirror, or refraction by a lens or prism. 2. Angle between the visual axis (or line of sight) of the deviated eye in strabismus and the straight-ahead position while the other eye fixates straight ahead. It can be assessed subjectively by having the patient report simultaneous perception (e.g. the lion in the cage seen in the amblyoscope) or objectively as measured by the practitioner either with the amblyoscope or using prisms and cover test, or by the Hirschberg test. Syn. angle of squint; angle of strabismus. See angle of anomaly; incomitance; Hirschberg's method; Javal's method; Krimsky's method; minimum deviation of a prism.
angle of divergence Angle between the lines of sight of the two eyes which are in a state of divergence.
drainage angle See angle of the anterior chamber.
angle of elevation See angle of altitude.
angle eta See stereoscopic visual acuity.
external angle See canthus.
angle of filtration See angle of the anterior chamber.
angle gamma The angle between the optical axis and the fixation axis.
angle of incidence Angle between the incident ray and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence in either reflection or refraction at a surface separating two media.
irido-corneal angle See angle of the anterior chamber.
angle kappa Angle between the pupillary axis and the visual axis, measured at the nodal point. Symbol: κ. See angle lambda; line of sight.
angle lambda Angle between the pupillary axis and the line of sight formed at the centre of the entrance pupil. It is this angle which is measured clinically as it is almost equal to angle alpha. Symbol: λ. See pupillary axis; line of sight.
limiting angle See critical angle.
metre angle (ma) Unit of convergence which is equal to the reciprocal of the distance (in metres) between the point of fixation assumed to lie on the median line and the base line of the eyes. Thus, if an object is located at 25 cm from the base line, each eye converges through 4 ma; at 1 metre, 1 ma, etc. Metre angles of convergence can be converted into prism dioptres of convergence by multiplying by the subject's interpupillary distance expressed in cm. Example: for a PD of 6.0 cm, a convergence of 5 ma = 30 Χ. See angle of convergence.
minimum angle of resolution (MAR) The angle subtended at the nodal point of the eye (or the centre of the entrance pupil) by two points or two lines which can just be distinguished as separate. See visual acuity; log MAR chart.
palpebral angle See canthus.
pantoscopic angle Angle between the spectacle plane and the frontal plane of the face when the superior edge of the lens is farther away from the face than the inferior edge (Fig. A12). Syn. pantoscopic tilt. See retroscopic angle.
angle of polarization The angle of incidence at which the reflected light is maximally polarized. At this angle, the reflected and refracted rays are 90º apart (Fig. A13). This angle i is given by the equationtan i = n₂/n₁and measures 56.7º when the first medium n₁ is air and the second medium n₂ is a glass with an index of refraction equal to 1.523. Syn. Brewster's angle. See polarized light.
prism angle The angle between the two refracting surfaces of a prism. Syn. apical angle; refracting angle (this term is deprecated because of the confusion with 'angle of refraction').
recession angle A tear between the longitudinal and circular muscles of the ciliary body. It is most often noted following blunt trauma to the anterior segment. It is typically followed by hyphaemia. This form of injury predisposes the individual to elevated intraocular pressure (i.e. increased risk of glaucoma) in the future. With a gonioscope, angle recession appears with an abnormally wide ciliary body band with a prominent scleral spur and some torn iris processes. There are also marked variations in the width and depth of the angle in different quadrants of the eye. See cyclodialysis; hyphaemia; iridodialysis; ciliary muscle.
angle of reflection Angle between the reflected ray and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence.
angle of refraction Angle between the refracted ray and the normal to the surface at the point of emergence.
retroscopic angle Angle between the spectacle plane and the frontal plane of the face when the superior edge of the lens is closer to the face than the inferior edge. Syn. retroscopic tilt. See pantoscopic angle; frontal plane; spectacle plane.
angle of squint See angle of deviation.
angle of stereopsis The difference between the angles subtended at the centres of the entrance pupils of the two eyes by two points located in space at different distances from the eyes. See stereoscopic visual acuity; Howard-Dolman test; three-needle test.
angle of strabismus See angle of deviation.total a. of convergence See angle of convergence.
angle of triangulation See angle of convergence.
viewing angle See visual angle.
visual angle The angle subtended by the extremities of an object at the anterior nodal point of the eye. If the object is far away, the point of reference can be the centre of the entrance pupil or even the anterior pole of the cornea. Syn. viewing angle.
wetting angle See contact angle.
refracting angle See angle, prism.

" >

Fig. A9 Angle alpha

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Fig. A10 Different contact angles α between a drop of fluid and a contact lens material

" > $Fig. A11 Critical angle i c and total internal reflection ( i , angle of incidence; i ′, angle of refraction)$

Fig. A11 Critical angle i_c and total internal reflection (i, angle of incidence; i′, angle of refraction)

" >

Fig. A12 Pantoscopic angle PA

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Fig. A13 Ray of non-polarized light AO is incident to the surface at the polarizing angle. Most of the light is transmitted across the surface and partially polarized, the rest being reflected and polarized maximally (i.e

Table A8 Critical angle (in degrees) beyond which all the light is reflected at the surface separating various transparent substances from air or water
substance	refractive index n	critical angle i_c
		in contact with air n′ = 1	in contact with water n′ = 1.333
water	1.333	48.6	-
spectacle crown glass	1.523	41.0	61.1
flint glass (dense)	1.62	38.1	55.4
flint glass (extra dense)	1.706	35.9	51.4
PMMA	1.49	42.2	63.5
CR-39	1.498	41.9	62.9
polycarbonate	1.586	39.1	57.2
diamond	2.42	24.4	33.4

Table A9 Relationship between viewing distance and total convergence in metre angles and prism dioptres for 4 interpupillary distances (PD in cm)
object distance from cornea (cm)	metre angle (ma)	convergence (in prism dioptres)
		PD: 6.0		6.4	6.8		7.0
200	0.5		3.0	3.2		3.4		3.5
100	1.0		6.0	6.4		6.8		7.0
67	1.5		9.0	9.6		10.2		10.5
50	2.0		12.0	12.8		13.6		14.0
40	2.5		15.0	16.0		17.0		17.5
33	3.0		18.0	19.2		20.4		21.0
25	4.0		24.0	25.6		27.2		28.0
20	5.0		30.0	32.0		34.0		35.0
16	6.25		37.5	40.0		42.5		43.7
14	7.14		42.8	45.7		48.5		50.0

an·gle

(ang'gĕl) [TA] Meeting point of two lines or planes; figure formed by the junction of two lines or planes; space bounded on two sides by converging lines or planes. [L. angulus]

angle

angle

An·gle

an·gle 1

an·gle 2

angle

angle

Angle

an•gle1

an•gle2

An•gle

an·gle

angle

angle

angle 1

angle 2

angle1

angle2

angle

angle

angle for farthings

guardian angel

play (all) the angles

angle at (something)

angle of attack

angle for (something)

angle

angle off

angle for something

angle off (to or toward something)

know all the angles

angle

know all the angles

angle

angle

An·gle

an·gle (θ),

an·gle

angle

A angle

acromial angle

acute angle

alpha angle

alveolar angle

anterior chamber angle

biorbital angle

cardiophrenic angle

carrying angle

caudal angle

cavity angle

cephalic angle

cephalometric angle

cerebellopontine angle

cervicofemoral angle

Cobb angle

angle of convergence

costal angle

costophrenic angle

costovertebral angle

craniofacial angle

facial angle

flat angle

gamma angle

gonial angle

Hilgenreiner epiphyseal angle

angle of incidence

angle of inclinication (of the hip)

angle of jaw

angle of mandible

metafacial angle

obtuse angle

occipital angle

ophryospinal angle

parietal angle

pontine angle

prophy angle

pubic angle

Q angle

angle of refraction

right angle

an·gle¹

an·gle²

an•gle¹

an•gle²

angle¹

angle²

angle¹

angle²