John Burdon Sanderson Haldane
| Noun | 1. | John Burdon Sanderson Haldane - Scottish geneticist (son of John Haldane) who contributed to the development of population genetics; a popularizer of science and a Marxist (1892-1964) |
| 单词 | john burdon sanderson haldane | |||
| 释义 | John Burdon Sanderson Haldane
John Burdon Sanderson HaldaneHaldane, John Burdon SandersonBorn Nov. 5, 1892, in Oxford, England; died Dec. 1, 1964, in Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India. British biologist. Fellow of the Royal Society of London (1932). Member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (from 1937; member of the politburo, 1942–43; member of the political committee of the executive committee, 1943–45). Son of J. S. Haldane. Haldane graduated from Oxford University in 1914. From 1922 to 1932 he taught at Cambridge University, and from 1933 to 1957 he occupied the chair of genetics and biometry at University College, London. In 1957, Haldane emigrated to India, where he headed a laboratory of genetics and biometry in Calcutta until 1961; he headed a similar laboratory in Bhubaneswar from 1961 until 1964. Haldane’s principal works dealt with genetics, biochemistry, biometrics, mathematical statistics, and underwater physiology. He developed a mathematical theory for modeling the gene and linking hereditary factors and helped establish mathematical, molecular, and biochemical genetics. Haldane mathematically substantiated the theory of the kinetics of enzymatic catalysis (Enzymes, 1930; Russian translation, 1934). He also investigated the quantitative aspect (rates) of natural and artificial selection, showing that the elementary unit of evolution is not the individual but the population (The Causes of Evolution, 1932; Russian translation, 1935). In 1935 he determined the frequency of mutation of genes in humans, and in 1937 he introduced the concept of “genetic load.” In 1947 he calculated the probability of mutations in human populations as a result of the explosion of an atomic bomb. Haldane was the author of several works on philosophical problems of natural science (Marxist Philosophy and the Sciences, 1938). In 1939 he prepared the first publication in English of F. Engels’ Dialectics of Nature and wrote a foreword and notes to it. Haldane was made a foreign honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1942. He was an honorary member of many other foreign academies of sciences and scientific societies. In 1977 an international scientific research center named in honor of Haldane was established in southern India, east of Trivandrum. WORKSThe Biochemistry of Genetics. London, 1954.Reader of Popular Scientific Essays. Moscow, 1973. In Russian translation: “Proiskhozhdenie zhizni.” In Planeta Zemlia. Moscow, 1961. Pages 315–34. “Uchenyi ukhodit iz zhizni” (auto-obituary). Za rubezhom, no. 52 (237), Dec. 26, 1964. REFERENCESFel’dman, G. E. Dzh. B. S. Kholdein: 1892–1964. Moscow, 1976.Haldane and Modern Biology. Edited by K. R. Dronamraju. Baltimore, 1968. G. E. FEL’DMAN John Burdon Sanderson Haldane
Synonyms for John Burdon Sanderson Haldane
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