Johann Balthasar Neumann

Baptized Jan. 30, 1687, in present-day Cheb, Czechoslovak Socialist Republic; died Sept. 19, 1753, in Würzburg. German late baroque and rococo architect.

Neumann, a smelter by trade, became the architect of the bishop of Würzburg in 1719. He worked in cities in southern and western Germany. Neumann worked mainly in Wiirzburg, where he designed his principal work—the prince-bishop’s residence (1719–53). The building is distinguished by bold structural solutions (the staircase with frescoes by J. B. Tiepolo) and the organic combination of painting and sculpture with the interior space (the Imperial Hall with wall paintings by Tiepolo). The same architectural principles were applied to Neumann’s religious projects, which included more than 100 churches (pilgrim churches in Vierzehnheiligen, 1743–71; the abbey church in Neresheim (begun 1745). Neumann also designed residential buildings, bridges, and public squares.