inverse function
inverse function
in′verse func′tion
n.
Noun | 1. | ![]() |
单词 | inverse function | |||
释义 | inverse functioninverse functionin′verse func′tionn.
Inverse Functioninverse function[′in‚vərs ′fənk·shən]Inverse Functiona function that is the inverse of a given function. For example, if y = f(x) is a given function, then the variable x, considered as a function of the variable y, x = ø(y), is the inverse of the function y = f(x). For example, the inverse function of y = ax + b (α ≢ 0) is x = (y ø b)/a, the inverse function of y = ex is x = 1n y, and so forth. If x = ø(y) is the inverse function of y = f(x), then y = f(x) is the inverse function of x = ø(y). The domain of definition of the given function is the range of values of the inverse function, and the range of the given function is the domain of the inverse function. The graphs of two mutually inverse functions y = f(x) and y = ø(x) (where the independent variable is designated by the same letter x), such as y = ax + b and y = (x – b)/a or y = ex and y = 1n x, are symmetric with respect to the line y = x, which bisects the first and third quarters of the coordinate plane. The inverse of a single-valued function may be multiple-valued; compare, for example, the functions x2 and If a given function is piecewise monotonic, then division of its domain of definition into regions of monotonicity yields single-valued branches of its inverse. For example, the interval –π/2 < x < π/2 serves as one of the regions of monotonicity of sin x. The branch of the inverse function Arc sin x that corresponds to this interval is the so-called principal branch arc sin x. The relations ø[f(x)] = x and f[ø(x)] = x hold for a pair of single-valued mutually inverse functions. The former holds for all values of x in the domain of definition of f(x), and the latter for all values of x in the domain of definition of ø(x); for example, e1nx = x(x > 0) and ln (ex) = x (— ∞ < x < ∞). The inverse of f(x) = y is sometimes designated as f1(y) = x, so that for a continuous and monotonie function f(x), f–1[f(x)] = f[f–1f(x)] = x In general, f–1[f(x)] is a multiple-valued function of x, one of whose values is x; for example, for f(x) = x2, x (≠ 0) is only one of the two values of f–1[f(x)] = Arc sin [sin x] = (–1)nx + nπ, n = 0, ±1, ±2, … If y = f(x) is continuous and monotonie in a neighborhood of x = x0 and has a nonzero derivative f’(x0) at x = x0, then f–1(y) is differentiable at y = y0, and [f–1(y0)]’ = 1/f’(x0) (the differentiation formula for an inverse function). Thus, for –π/2 < x < π/2,y = f(x) = sin x is continuous and monotonic and f’(x) = cos x ≠ 0. Then f–1(y) = arc sin y (–1 < y < 1) is differentiable, and Here the root is positive since cos x > 0 for –π/2 < x < π/2. inverse function
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