| 释义 |
irradiation
ir·ra·di·a·tion I0236600 (ĭ-rā′dē-ā′shən)n.1. The act of exposing or the condition of being exposed to radiation.2. The use or application of ionizing radiation, especially in medical treatment and for the sterilization or preservation of food.irradiation (ɪˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃən) n1. (General Physics) the act or process of irradiating or the state of being irradiated2. (General Physics) the apparent enlargement of a brightly lit object when it is viewed against a dark background3. a shaft of light; beam or ray4. (Medicine) med a. the therapeutic or diagnostic use of radiation, esp X-raysb. exposure of a patient to such radiation5. (General Physics) another name for radiation, irradianceir•ra•di•a•tion (ɪˌreɪ diˈeɪ ʃən)
n. 1. the act of irradiating or the state of being irradiated. 2. a ray of light; beam. 3. Optics. the apparent enlargement of an object when seen against a dark background. 4. the use of x-rays or other forms of radiation for treatment of disease, manufacture of vitamin D, etc. 5. exposure to x-rays or other radiation. 6. irradiance. [1585–95; < Late Latin] Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | irradiation - the condition of being exposed to radiationcondition, status - a state at a particular time; "a condition (or state) of disrepair"; "the current status of the arms negotiations" | | 2. |  irradiation - a column of light (as from a beacon)beam of light, light beam, ray, ray of light, shaft of light, beam, shaftheat ray - a ray that produces a thermal effecthigh beam - the beam of a car's headlights that provides distant illuminationlight, visible light, visible radiation - (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; "the light was filtered through a soft glass window"moon ray, moonbeam, moon-ray - a ray of moonlightsunbeam, sunray - a ray of sunlightlaser beam - a beam of light generated by a laserlow beam - the beam of a car's headlights that provides illumination for a short distance | | 3. | irradiation - (physiology) the spread of sensory neural impulses in the cortexphysiology - the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organismsspread, spreading - process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space | | 4. | irradiation - the apparent enlargement of a bright object when viewed against a dark backgroundillusion, semblance - an erroneous mental representation | | 5. | irradiation - (Pavolvian conditioning) the elicitation of a conditioned response by stimulation similar but not identical to the original stimulusstimulus generalisation, stimulus generalization, generalisation, generalization - (psychology) transfer of a response learned to one stimulus to a similar stimulus | | 6. |  irradiation - (medicine) the treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to a radioactive substanceactinotherapy, radiation therapy, radiotherapy, radiationtherapy - (medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.); "the quarterback is undergoing treatment for a knee injury"; "he tried every treatment the doctors suggested"; "heat therapy gave the best relief"phototherapy - the use of strong light to treat acne or hyperbilirubinemia of the newbornCurietherapy, radium therapy - the use of radium in radiation therapyX-ray therapy - the therapeutic use of X raysmedical specialty, medicine - the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques |
TranslationsIrradiation
irradiation[i‚rād·ē′ā·shən] (biophysics) Subjection of a biological system to sound waves of sufficient intensity to modify their structure or function. (engineering) The exposure of a material, object, or patient to x-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet rays, or other ionizing radiation. (optics) An optical illusion which makes bright objects appear larger than they really are. Irradiation in physiology, the spread of excitation or inhibition in the central nervous system. Irradiation plays an important part in cerebrocortical activity. The irradiation of excitation is manifested most distinctly after strong stimulation, when nerve centers usually not involved in a reflex response are drawn into the process. For example, moderate pain inflicted on the skin of an animal’s foot causes the paw to flex in the talocalcaneal joint. Increasing the force of stimulation causes the leg to flex in the knee and hip joints. In studying the effect of an inhibitory conditioned stimulus, I. P. Pavlov showed that inhibition can also spread (irradiate) in the cells of the cerebral cortex.
Irradiation the apparent enlargement of the dimensions of white (light) objects against a black (dark) background (given the comparatively great brightness of the white object) or, conversely, the apparent diminution of the dimensions of black objects against a white background. (The first instance is called positive irradiation; the second, negative.) As a result of irradiation, a thin black thread or wire observed against a bright flame seems to be interrupted in that segment, and the bright crescent of the new moon seems to have a larger diameter than the ash-gray disk of the moon seen simultaneously with it. The degree of irradiation increases when the brightness of the light background or object increases. Irradiation is caused by optical defects of the eye (spherical and chromatic aberrations), diffraction phenomena in the eye, and imperfect fixation of the eye on the objects observed. REFERENCEKravkov, S. V. Glaz i ego rabota: Psikhofiziologiia zreniia, gigiena osvesh-cheniia, 4th ed. Moscow-Leningrad, 1950. (Includes bibliography.)irradiation
irradiation [ĭ-ra″de-a´shun] 1. radiation therapy.2. the dispersion of nervous impulse beyond the normal path of conduction.3. the exposure of a substance to radiation, which consists of any of numerous kinds of rays that travel at the speed of light. Every living thing is subject to some irradiation by cosmic rays, ultraviolet rays in sunlight, and other natural radiation in the environment, all of which is usually slight and harmless. In large amounts, however, certain kinds of radiation cause direct harm to living cells, especially those rays that have a greater frequency and produce more energy. Irradiation of certain foods, including milk, kills harmful bacteria, prevents spoilage, and sometimes increases its vitamin efficiency. X-ray photography is used in industrial research and in diagnosis of disorders within the body.
Radiation therapy usually refers to treatment by x-rays and gamma rays. X-rays are produced by bombarding a tungsten target with high-speed electrons in a vacuum tube; gamma rays are emitted during the decay of radioisotopes. X-rays may be employed to kill organisms causing skin diseases, for example, or to destroy the abnormal cells that form tumors. Gonads, blood cells, and cancer cells are especially sensitive to radiation, particularly to x-rays and gamma rays.
Other rays are also used medically. Infrared rays produce a radiant heat used for the treatment of sprains and bursitis; tissues such as muscles and joints are relaxed and soothed by the penetration of these rays. Ultraviolet rays are used in sun lamps to treat skin diseases, such as acne and psoriasis. See also discussion of protection against harmful effects of radiation under radiation.extended field irradiation irradiation of an field" >extended field in radiation therapy" >radiation therapy for lymphoma" >malignant lymphoma.external beam irradiation radiation therapy in which the radiation is emitted from a source located at a distance from the body.hemibody irradiation external beam irradiation involving exposure of half the body.interstitial irradiation see radiation therapy.involved field irradiation irradiation of only the field" >involved field in radiation therapy for lymphoma" >malignant lymphoma.mantle field irradiation irradiation of a field" >mantle field in radiation therapy for lymphoma" >malignant lymphoma.total body irradiation (whole-body irradiation) TBI; external beam irradiation involving exposure of the entire body.ir·ra·di·a·tion (i-rā'dē-ā'shŭn), 1. The subjective enlargement of a bright object seen against a dark background.
See also: radiation. 2. Exposure to the action of electromagnetic radiation (for example, heat, light, x-rays).
See also: radiation. 3. The spreading of nervous impulses from one area in the brain or cord, or from a tract, to another tract.
See also: radiation. [L. ir-radio, (in-r), pp. -radi-atus, to beam forth] irradiation (ĭ-rā′dē-ā′shən)n.1. The act of exposing or the condition of being exposed to radiation.2. The use or application of ionizing radiation, especially in medical treatment and for the sterilization or preservation of food.irradiation 1. Radiation therapy, see there.2. Blood irradiation, see there.ir·ra·di·a·tion (ir-rādē-āshŭn) 1. The subjective enlargement of a bright object seen against a dark background. 2. Exposure to the action of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., heat, light, x-rays). 3. The spreading of nervous impulses from one area in the brain or cord, or from a tract, to another tract.
See also: radiation4. A process of preparation in which food is exposed to low doses of radiation to decrease bacteria and improve shelf life. [L. ir-radio,(in-r), pp. -radi-atus, to beam forth]irradiation Exposure to any form of ionizing or other radiation either for purposes of treatment, as in radiotherapy, or to sterilize medical or surgical material and instruments.irradiation1. Application of electromagnetic radiations to an object. 2. A phenomenon in which a bright area against a black background appears larger than a darker area of equal size against the same background. Syn. Helmholtz illusion.ir·ra·di·a·tion (ir-rādē-āshŭn) 1. The subjective enlargement of a bright object seen against a dark background. 2. Exposure to the action of electromagnetic radiation. [L. ir-radio, (in-r), pp. -radi-atus, to beam forth]irradiation
Related to irradiation: gamma irradiation, Blood IrradiationSynonyms for irradiationnoun the condition of being exposed to radiationRelated Wordsnoun a column of light (as from a beacon)Synonyms- beam of light
- light beam
- ray
- ray of light
- shaft of light
- beam
- shaft
Related Words- heat ray
- high beam
- light
- visible light
- visible radiation
- moon ray
- moonbeam
- moon-ray
- sunbeam
- sunray
- laser beam
- low beam
noun (physiology) the spread of sensory neural impulses in the cortexRelated Words- physiology
- spread
- spreading
noun the apparent enlargement of a bright object when viewed against a dark backgroundRelated Wordsnoun (Pavolvian conditioning) the elicitation of a conditioned response by stimulation similar but not identical to the original stimulusRelated Words- stimulus generalisation
- stimulus generalization
- generalisation
- generalization
noun (medicine) the treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to a radioactive substanceSynonyms- actinotherapy
- radiation therapy
- radiotherapy
- radiation
Related Words- therapy
- phototherapy
- Curietherapy
- radium therapy
- X-ray therapy
- medical specialty
- medicine
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