(Bulgarian kaval, Rumanian cavat), a wind instrument played in Bulgaria, Rumania, Moldavia, and Yugoslavia. It is an end-blown flute (without a mouthpiece), with a long wooden tube and 6–8 fingerholes; at the lower end of the tube there are 3 or 4 additional holes for tuning and resonance. Its scale is diatonic. The kaval measures from 500 mm to more than 700mm long.