(Chinese for “humaneness”), the basic concept of Confucian philosophy. Confucius, who understood. jen as the universal virtue, interpreted it as “love for others.” Mencius, who is credited with the aphorism “Jen is man,” emphasized the interpersonal character of the concept, whose essence is expressed in relations between people. In neo-Confucian philosophy a cosmological sense was added: jen began to be interpreted as the love that forms the basis of the universe and unites man with heaven and earth.