| 释义 |
intelligence
in·tel·li·gence I0178000 (ĭn-tĕl′ə-jəns)n.1. The ability to acquire, understand, and use knowledge: a person of extraordinary intelligence.2. a. Information, especially secret information gathered about an actual or potential enemy or adversary.b. The gathering of such information: "Corporate intelligence relies on a slew of tools, some sophisticated, many quite basic" (Neil King and Jess Bravin).c. An agency or organization whose purpose is to gather such information: an officer from military intelligence.3. An intelligent, incorporeal being, especially an angel.intelligence (ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒəns) n1. (Psychology) the capacity for understanding; ability to perceive and comprehend meaning2. good mental capacity: a person of intelligence. 3. old-fashioned news; information4. (Military) military information about enemies, spies, etc5. (Military) a group or department that gathers or deals with such information6. (often capital) an intelligent being, esp one that is not embodied7. (Military) (modifier) of or relating to intelligence: an intelligence network. [C14: from Latin intellegentia, from intellegere to discern, comprehend, literally: choose between, from inter- + legere to choose] inˌtelliˈgential adjin•tel•li•gence (ɪnˈtɛl ɪ dʒəns)
n. 1. capacity for learning, reasoning, and understanding; aptitude in grasping truths, relationships, facts, meanings, etc. 2. mental alertness or quickness of understanding. 3. manifestation of a high mental capacity. 4. the faculty or act of understanding. 5. information received or imparted; news. 6. a. secret information, esp. about an enemy or potential enemy. b. the gathering or distribution of such information. c. the evaluated conclusions drawn from such information. d. an organization engaged in gathering such information: military intelligence. 7. (often cap.) an intelligent being or spirit, esp. an incorporeal one. [1350–1400; Middle English < Latin] intelligence1. The product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of available information concerning foreign countries or areas.
2. Information and knowledge about an adversary obtained through observation, investigation, analysis, or understanding. See also acoustic intelligence; all-source intelligence; basic intelligence; civil defense intelligence; combat intelligence; communications intelligence; critical intelligence; current intelligence; departmental intelligence; domestic intelligence; electronic intelligence; electro-optical intelligence; foreign intelligence; foreign instrumentation signals intelligence; general military intelligence; human resources intelligence; imagery intelligence; joint intelligence; laser intelligence; measurement and signature intelligence; medical intelligence; merchant intelligence; military intelligence; national intelligence; nuclear intelligence; open-source intelligence; operational intelligence; photographic intelligence; political intelligence; radar intelligence; radiation intelligence; scientific and technical intelligence; security intelligence; strategic intelligence; tactical intelligence; target intelligence; technical intelligence; technical operational intelligence; terrain intelligence; unintentional radiation intelligence.Intelligence See Also: MIND - Brain like Einstein —H. E. Bates
- Compared with the short span of time they live, men of great intellect are like huge buildings standing on a small plot of ground —Arthur Schopenhauer
- A country without intellectuals is like a body without a head —Ayn Rand
- (I have) a head on my shoulders that’s like a child’s windmill, and I can’t prevent its making foolish words —D. H. Lawrence
- Intellect is to emotion as our clothes are to our bodies: we could not very well have civilized life without clothes, but we would be in a poor way if we had only clothes without bodies —Alfred North Whitehead
- Intelligence is like money … if you don’t let on how little you’ve got, people will treat you as though you have a lot —Anon
- A man of active and resilient mind outwears his friendships just as certainly as he outwears his love affairs, his politics and his epistemology —H. L. Mencken
- One good head is as good as a hundred strong hands —Thomas Fuller
In Fuller’s collection of aphorisms it’s “Better than a hundred strong heads” but common usage has made “As good as” and “Like as” popular. - Smart as a whip —Anon
A simile very much in the mainstream of every day usage. - Smart as forty crickets —American colloquialism, attributed to the South
- Smart … like an idiot savant, smart enough to be dumb when he needed to —Lynne Sharon Schwartz
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | intelligence - the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experienceability, power - possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done; "danger heightened his powers of discrimination"brainpower, learning ability, mental capacity, mentality, wit, brain - mental ability; "he's got plenty of brains but no common sense"breadth, largeness, comprehensiveness - the capacity to understand a broad range of topics; "a teacher must have a breadth of knowledge of the subject"; "a man distinguished by the largeness and scope of his views"intellect, mind - knowledge and intellectual ability; "he reads to improve his mind"; "he has a keen intellect"nonverbal intelligence - intelligence that is manifested in the performance of tasks requiring little or no use of languageverbal intelligence - intelligence in the use and comprehension of languagemental quickness, quick-wittedness, quickness - intelligence as revealed by an ability to give correct responses without delaymental dexterity, nimbleness - intelligence as revealed by quickness and alertness of mind; "nimbleness of wit and imagination"genius, brilliance - unusual mental abilityprecociousness, precocity - intelligence achieved far ahead of normal developmental scheduleskeenness, sharpness, acuity, acuteness - a quick and penetrating intelligence; "he argued with great acuteness"; "I admired the keenness of his mind"brightness, cleverness, smartness - intelligence as manifested in being quick and wittyastuteness, perspicaciousness, perspicacity, shrewdness - intelligence manifested by being astute (as in business dealings)wits, marbles - the basic human power of intelligent thought and perception; "he used his wits to get ahead"; "I was scared out of my wits"; "he still had all his marbles and was in full possession of a lively mind"stupidity - a poor ability to understand or to profit from experience | | 2. | intelligence - a unit responsible for gathering and interpreting information about an enemyintelligence agency, intelligence serviceadministrative body, administrative unit - a unit with administrative responsibilitiesmilitary intelligence, military intelligence agency - an agency of the armed forces that obtains and analyzes and uses information of strategic or tactical military valueUnited States intelligence agency - an intelligence service in the United StatesIC, Intelligence Community, National Intelligence Community, United States Intelligence Community - a group of government agencies and organizations that carry out intelligence activities for the United States government; headed by the Director of Central Intelligenceinternational intelligence agency - an intelligence agency outside the United States | | 3. | intelligence - secret information about an enemy (or potential enemy); "we sent out planes to gather intelligence on their radar coverage"intelligence informationinfo, information - a message received and understoodmilitary intelligence - information about the armed forces of another country that is useful in planning and conducting military policy or military operations | | 4. |  intelligence - information about recent and important events; "they awaited news of the outcome"news, tidings, wordinfo, information - a message received and understoodgood word - good newslatest - the most recent news or development; "have you heard the latest?"update - news that updates your information | | 5. | intelligence - the operation of gathering information about an enemyintelligence activity, intelligence operationundercover work, spying - the act of keeping a secret watch for intelligence purposesinformation gathering - the act of collecting informationcurrent intelligence - intelligence of all types and forms of immediate interest; usually disseminated without delays for evaluation or interpretationcombat intelligence, tactical intelligence - intelligence that is required for the planning and conduct of tactical operationsstrategic intelligence - intelligence that is required for forming policy and military plans at national and international levelsSIGINT, signals intelligence - intelligence information gathered from communications intelligence or electronics intelligence or telemetry intelligenceclandestine operation - an intelligence operation so planned and executed as to insure concealmentovert operation - the collection of intelligence openly without concealmentreconnaissance, reconnaissance mission - the act of reconnoitring (especially to gain information about an enemy or potential enemy); "an exchange of fire occurred on a reconnaissance mission"counterintelligence - intelligence activities concerned with identifying and counteracting the threat to security posed by hostile intelligence organizations or by individuals engaged in espionage or sabotage or subversion or terrorism |
intelligencenoun1. intellect, understanding, brains (informal), mind, reason, sense, knowledge, capacity, smarts (slang, chiefly U.S.), judgment, wit, perception, awareness, insight, penetration, comprehension, brightness, aptitude, acumen, nous (Brit. slang), alertness, cleverness, quickness, discernment, grey matter (informal), brain power She's a woman of exceptional intelligence.
intellect understanding, ignorance, stupidity, dullness2. information, news, facts, report, findings, word, notice, advice, knowledge, data, disclosure, gen (Brit. informal), tip-off, low-down (informal), notification a senior officer involved in gathering intelligence
information misinformation, concealment3. espionage, spying, surveillance, information gathering, counter-intelligence, undercover work Why was military intelligence so lacking?Quotations
"Intelligence is characterised by a natural incomprehension of life" [Henri Bergson L'Évolution Créatrice]
"Intelligence in chains loses in lucidity what it gains in intensity" [Albert Camus The Rebel]
"The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in the mind at the same time, and still retain the ability to function" [F. Scott Fitzgerald The Crack-Up]
"Intelligence is quickness in seeing things as they are" [George Santayana The Life of Reason: Reason in Common Sense]
"Intelligence ... is really a kind of taste: taste in ideas" [Susan Sontag Notes on Camp]intelligencenoun1. The faculty of thinking, reasoning, and acquiring and applying knowledge:brain (often used in plural), brainpower, intellect, mentality, mind, sense, understanding, wit.Slang: smart (used in plural).2. That which is known about a specific subject or situation:data, fact (used in plural), information, knowledge, lore.3. New information, especially about recent events and happenings:advice (often used in plural), news, tiding (often used in plural), word.Informal: scoop.Translationsintelligent (inˈtelidʒənt) adjective (negative unintelligent). 1. clever and quick at understanding. an intelligent child; That dog is so intelligent. 悟性高的 理解力强的2. showing these qualities. an intelligent question. 聰明的 聪敏的inˈtelligently adverb 聰明地 理智地inˈtelligence noun1. the quality of being intelligent. It requires a high degree of intelligence to do this job well. 智力 智力2. news or information given. 情報 情报3. a department of state or of the army etc which deals with secret information. He works in Intelligence. 情報單位 情报机构IdiomsSeeno one ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of...intelligence
intelligence, in psychology, the general mental ability involved in calculating, reasoning, perceiving relationships and analogies, learning quickly, storing and retrieving information, using language fluently, classifying, generalizing, and adjusting to new situations. Alfred BinetBinet, Alfred
, 1857–1911, French psychologist. From 1894 he was director of the psychology laboratory at the Sorbonne. He is known for his research and innovation in testing human intelligence.
..... Click the link for more information. , the French psychologist, defined intelligence as the totality of mental processes involved in adapting to the environment. Although there remains a strong tendency to view intelligence as a purely intellectual or cognitive function, considerable evidence suggests that intelligence has many facets. Early investigations into intelligence assumed that there was one underlying general factor at its base (the g-factor), but later psychologists maintained that intelligence could not be determined by such a simplistic method. Raymond CattellCattell, Raymond B.
, 1905–, American psychologist, b. Staffordshire, England. He came to the United States in 1937 and served as research professor at the Univ. of Illinois (1944–73).
..... Click the link for more information. argued that intelligence can be separated into two fundamental parts: fluid ability and crystallized ability. Fluid ability is considered innate, basic reasoning skill, while crystallized intelligence is the information and skills that are acquired through experience in a cultural environment. Other psychologists have further divided intelligence into subcategories. Howard Gardner maintained (1985) that intelligence is comprised of seven components: musical, bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. J. P. Guilford tried (1982) to show that there are 150 different mental abilities that constitute intelligence. It is generally accepted that intelligence is related to both heredity and environment. Studies done on families, particularly among identical twins and adopted children, have shown that heredity is an important factor in determining intelligence; but they have also suggested that environment is a critical factor in determining the extent of its expression. For instance, children reared in orphanages or other environments that are comparatively unstimulating tend to show retarded intellectual development. In recent years, controversy regarding intelligence has centered primarily around how much of each factor, heredity and environment, is responsible for an individual's level of intelligence. Intelligence Tests Although a strict definition of intelligence has proven elusive, a number of psychologists have argued that it can be quantified, primarily through testing. In 1905, Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon devised a system for testing intelligence, with scoring based on standardized, average mental levels for various age groups. In 1916 the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale was expanded and reworked by Lewis Terman at Stanford Univ., and later revisions called the Revised Stanford-Binet Intelligence Tests were published in 1937, 1960, and 1985. A highly successful series of tests, designed by psychologist David Wechsler, have been in wide use for years as diagnostic and evaluative instruments. Known in 1939 as the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is a standard tool for intelligence testing today. All of these tests are administered to one individual at a time by a psychometrician. While no consensus of opinion prevails about what such tests actually measure, their use in education has had great practical value in assigning children to suitable class groups and in predicting academic performance. The Army Alpha Test, which was first administered to nearly 2 million new recruits in World War I, and the Otis Group Intelligence Scale, were forerunners of many other group tests that are administered economically and quickly to large numbers, and were thus effective for use in schools and industry. National, standardized group tests are administered for college and graduate school entrance, and for a number of civil service positions. The work of Binet, Terman, and Wilhelm Stern paved the way for a method of classifying intelligence in terms of a standardized measure, with standardization ensured by the large number of individuals of various ages taking the test. German psychologist L. Wilhelm Stern was the first to coin the term intelligence quotient (IQ), a figure derived from the ratio of mental age to chronological age. Although Stern's method for determining IQ is no longer in common use, the term IQ is still used today to describe the results in several different tests. Today, an average IQ score is considered to be 100, with deviations based on this figure. Mentally retarded individuals usually score below 70 in IQ tests, and are classified according to functional ability through reference to a scale of low IQ scores. One criticism of intelligence testing is that it is difficult to insure that test items are equally meaningful or difficult for members of different sociocultural groups. Testing is often considered validated in part, however, by the finding that the quantity measured by the tests can be closely correlated in American society with career and academic achievement. There has been a decline in interest in pure intelligence tests since the 1920s, with a corresponding increase in the number of mental tests that measure special aptitudes and personality factors (see psychological testspsychological test,
any of a variety of testing procedures for measuring psychological traits and behavior, or for studying some specialized aspect of ability. Several forms of testing have arisen from the need to understand personality and its relationship to psychological
..... Click the link for more information. ). Bibliography See R. J. Sternberg and R. K. Wagner, ed., Practical Intelligence (1986); R. Fancher, The Intelligence Men: Makers of the I.Q. Controversy (1987); P. Chapman, Lewis M. Terman, Applied Psychology, and the Intelligence Testing Movement, 1880–1930 (1988); J. R. Flynn, What Is Intelligence? (2007). Intelligence General mental ability due to the integrative and adaptive functions of the brain that permit complex, unstereotyped, purposive responses to novel or changing situations, involving discrimination, generalization, learning, concept formation, inference, mental manipulation of memories, images, words and abstract symbols, eduction of relations and correlates, reasoning, and problem solving. Intelligence tests are diverse collections of tasks (or items), graded in difficulty. The person's performance on each item can be objectively scored (for example, pass or fail); the total number of items passed is called the raw score. Raw scores are converted to some form of scaled scores which can be given a statistical interpretation. The first practical intelligence test for children, devised in 1905 by the French psychologist Alfred Binet, converted raw scores to a scale of “mental age,” defined as the raw score obtained by the average of all children of a given age. Mental age (MA) divided by chronological age (CA) yields the well known intelligence quotient or IQ. When multipled by 100 (to get rid of the decimal), the average IQ at every age is therefore 100, with a standard deviation of approximately 15 or 16. Because raw scores on mental tests increase linearly with age only up to about 16 years, the conversion of raw scores to a mental-age scale beyond age 16 must resort to statistical artifices. Because of this problem and the difficulty of constructing mental-age scales which preserve exactly the same standard deviation of IQs at every age, all modern tests have abandoned the mental-age concept and the calculation of IQ from the ratio of MA to CA. Nowadays the IQ is simply a standardized score with a population mean of 100 and a standard deviation (σ) of 15 at every age from early childhood into adulthood. The middle 50%, considered “average,” fall between IQs of 90 and 110. IQs below 70 generally indicate “mental retardation,” and above 130, “giftedness.” intelligence a person's intellectual ability or potential for rational thought and behaviour. The nature and measurement of intelligence is one of the most controversial topics in the social sciences. The central debate concerns what we mean by the concept of intelligence. Early theories assumed a quite narrow range of cognitive abilities such as abstract reasoning, comprehension and memory, though they differed in the emphasis placed on the existence of a general factor of intelligence, common across all skills (e.g. Spearman), versus a number of distinct primary mental abilities (e.g. Thurstone). More recent views tend to broaden the concept to include such skills as practical problem-solving, social skills and creativity. A second debate centres on the extent to which intelligence is inherited biologically or acquired as a result of environmental experience and socialization (see NATURE -NURTURE DEBATE). Many methods have been devised to research this issue, including the study of identical twins and adopted children, but the relative contributions of heredity and environment remain unclear. Models of the nature of intelligence have important implications for educational processes. One influential model finds expression in cognitive developmental theories which emphasize the importance of the interaction between inherited potential and environmental experience; This approach is exemplified in the work of PIAGET (1932) and Bruner (1968), both of whom identified qualitatively different stages of mental development and learning. These theorists have exerted considerable influence on the structure of educational provision in recent decades. intelligence[in′tel·ə·jəns] (communications) Data, information, or messages that are to be transmitted. (psychology) The intellect or astuteness of the mind. Ability to recognize and understand qualities and attributes of the physical world and of humankind. Ability to solve problems and engage in abstract thought processes. IntelligenceSee also Wisdom.Intemperance (See DRUNKENNESS.)Intimidation (See BULLYING.)Intoxication (See DRUNKENNESS.)Alexander the Greatlooses the Gordian knot by cutting it with his sword. [Gk. Legend: Brewer Dictionary, 409]IQ(intelligence quotient) controversial measurement of intelligence by formula which compares mental age with chronological age. [Western Education.: EB, V : 376]Mensa Internationalorganization whose members have IQs in the top two percent of the general population. [Am. Pop. Culture: EB, VI: 793]Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scaletest used to measure IQ; designed to be used primarily with children. [Am. Education: EB, IX: 521]intelligence(1) From the computer perspective, intelligence is having processing capability. In this context, every electronic device with a microprocessor is "intelligent." See smart and AI.
(2) Information derived for some purpose. See DOD intelligence glossary.
(3) From the human perspective, the effectiveness with which a person can analyze a situation or solve a problem.intelligence
intelligence [in-tel´ĭ-jens] the ability to comprehend or understand. It is basically a combination of reasoning, memory, imagination, and judgment; each of these faculties relies upon the others. Intelligence is not an entity within a person but a combination of cognitive skills and knowledge made evident by behaviors that are adaptive.
In speaking of general intelligence, authorities often distinguish between a number of different kinds of basic mental ability. One of these is verbal aptitude, the ability to understand the meaning of words and to use them effectively in writing or speaking. Another is skill with numbers, the ability to add, subtract, multiply, and divide and to use these skills in problems. The capacity to work with spatial relationships, that is, with visualizing how objects take up space, is still another (for example, how two triangles can fit together to make a square). Perception, memory, and reasoning may also be considered different basic abilities.
These abilities are the ones that are usually examined by intelligence tests. There are others, however, that may be as important or more important. Determination and perseverance make intelligence effective and useful. Artistic talent, such as proficiency in art or music, and creativity, the ability to use thought and imagination to produce original ideas, are difficult to measure but are certainly part of intelligence.intelligence quotient (I.Q.) a numerical expression of intellectual capacity obtained by multiplying the mental age of the subject, ascertained by testing, by 100 and dividing by his or her chronologic age.intelligence test a set of problems or tasks posed to assess an individual's innate ability to judge, comprehend, and reason.in·tel·li·gence (in-tel'i-jens), 1. A person's aggregate capacity to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment, especially in relation to the extent of one's perceived effectiveness in meeting challenges. 2. In psychology, a person's relative standing on two quantitative indices, measured intelligence and effectiveness of adaptive behavior; a quantitative score or similar index on both indices constitutes the operational definition of intelligence. [L. intelligentia] in·tel·li·gence (in-tel'i-jĕns) 1. A person's aggregate capacity to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment, especially in meeting challenges and solving problems. 2. psychology A person's relative standing on two quantitative indices, those that measured intelligence and the effectiveness of adaptive behavior; a quantitative score or similar index on both indices constitutes the operational definition of intelligence. intelligence A group of separate, but correlated, abilities, such as memory, speed of perception of relationships, verbal skills, numerical skills and visuo-spatial perception, each of which is present to a varying degree. There is no single entity which may be described as raw, undifferentiated intelligence. The IQ (INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT), which attempts to quantify these abilities, generally equates well with scholastic performance and with subsequent success in business or professional life, but a severe deficiency in motivation may nullify a high IQ.intelligence the ability to understand and create abstract ideas. Tests to measure intelligence are rather unreliable since it is not possible to separate completely environmental influences (such as schooling and social background) from innate ability. Nevertheless, such tests are widely used, producing a measure called the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) which is:  actual age Thus, if a person has an average mental age for his age-group he will have an I.Q. score of 100. The HERITABILITY of intelligence is thought to be between 0.5 and 0.7. in·tel·li·gence (in-tel'i-jĕns) A person's aggregate capacity to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment. FinancialSeeAISee IN
See INTintelligence
Related to intelligence: intelligence test, military intelligenceSynonyms for intelligencenoun intellectSynonyms- intellect
- understanding
- brains
- mind
- reason
- sense
- knowledge
- capacity
- smarts
- judgment
- wit
- perception
- awareness
- insight
- penetration
- comprehension
- brightness
- aptitude
- acumen
- nous
- alertness
- cleverness
- quickness
- discernment
- grey matter
- brain power
Antonyms- understanding
- ignorance
- stupidity
- dullness
noun informationSynonyms- information
- news
- facts
- report
- findings
- word
- notice
- advice
- knowledge
- data
- disclosure
- gen
- tip-off
- low-down
- notification
Antonyms- misinformation
- concealment
noun espionageSynonyms- espionage
- spying
- surveillance
- information gathering
- counter-intelligence
- undercover work
Synonyms for intelligencenoun the faculty of thinking, reasoning, and acquiring and applying knowledgeSynonyms- brain
- brainpower
- intellect
- mentality
- mind
- sense
- understanding
- wit
- smart
noun that which is known about a specific subject or situationSynonyms- data
- fact
- information
- knowledge
- lore
noun new information, especially about recent events and happeningsSynonyms- advice
- news
- tiding
- word
- scoop
Synonyms for intelligencenoun the ability to comprehendRelated Words- ability
- power
- brainpower
- learning ability
- mental capacity
- mentality
- wit
- brain
- breadth
- largeness
- comprehensiveness
- intellect
- mind
- nonverbal intelligence
- verbal intelligence
- mental quickness
- quick-wittedness
- quickness
- mental dexterity
- nimbleness
- genius
- brilliance
- precociousness
- precocity
- keenness
- sharpness
- acuity
- acuteness
- brightness
- cleverness
- smartness
- astuteness
- perspicaciousness
- perspicacity
- shrewdness
- wits
- marbles
Antonymsnoun a unit responsible for gathering and interpreting information about an enemySynonyms- intelligence agency
- intelligence service
Related Words- administrative body
- administrative unit
- military intelligence
- military intelligence agency
- United States intelligence agency
- IC
- Intelligence Community
- National Intelligence Community
- United States Intelligence Community
- international intelligence agency
noun secret information about an enemy (or potential enemy)SynonymsRelated Words- info
- information
- military intelligence
noun information about recent and important eventsSynonymsRelated Words- info
- information
- good word
- latest
- update
noun the operation of gathering information about an enemySynonyms- intelligence activity
- intelligence operation
Related Words- undercover work
- spying
- information gathering
- current intelligence
- combat intelligence
- tactical intelligence
- strategic intelligence
- SIGINT
- signals intelligence
- clandestine operation
- overt operation
- reconnaissance
- reconnaissance mission
- counterintelligence
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