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institutes
in·sti·tute I0170300 (ĭn′stĭ-to͞ot′, -tyo͞ot′)tr.v. in·sti·tut·ed, in·sti·tut·ing, in·sti·tutes 1. a. To establish, organize, or introduce: institute wage and price controls. See Synonyms at establish.b. To initiate; begin: institute a search for the missing hikers.2. To establish or invest (someone) in an office or position.n.1. An organization founded to promote a cause: a cancer research institute.2. a. An educational institution, especially one for the instruction of technical subjects.b. The building or buildings housing such an institution.3. A usually short, intensive workshop or seminar on a specific subject.4. Archaic a. A principle or rudiment of a particular subject.b. institutes A digest of or commentary on such principles or rudiments, especially a legal abstract.
[Middle English instituten, from Latin īnstituere, īnstitūt-, to establish : in-, in; see in-2 + statuere, to set up; see stā- in Indo-European roots.]
in′sti·tut′er, in′sti·tu′tor n.institutes (ˈɪnstɪˌtjuːts) pl n (Law) a digest or summary, esp of laws
Institutes (ˈɪnstɪˌtjuːts) pl n1. (Law) an introduction to legal study in ancient Rome, compiled by order of Justinian and divided into four books forming part of the Corpus Juris Civilis2. (Historical Terms) short for Institutes of the Christian Religion, the book by Calvin, completed in 1536 and constituting the basic statement of the Reformed faith, that repudiates papal authority and postulates the doctrines of justification by faith alone and predestinationIdiomsSeeinstituteInstitutes
Institutes: see Corpus Juris CivilisCorpus Juris Civilis
, most comprehensive code of Roman law and the basic document of all modern civil law. Compiled by order of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, the first three parts appeared between 529 and 535 and were the work of a commission of 17 jurists presided over by the
..... Click the link for more information. .Institutes the name of the elementary textbooks of Roman jurists, which provided a systematic survey of the law in effect (primarily private law). The oldest extant are the Institutes of the second-ceretury Roman jurist Gaius. A palimpsest containing Gaius’ Institutes beneath the texts of Hieronymus’ epistles (eighth or ninth century) was discovered in the library of the Cathedral of Verona in 1816 by the German historian Niebuhr. Part of the faulty text has been filled in from individual fragments found in Alexandria in 1933. In Gaius’ opinion, any law relates either to persons, or to things (obligations are also included), or to legal actions. Such a system of presenting material was termed “institutional.” In ancient Rome, in addition to Gaius’ Institutes, there were those of Martial, Callistratus, Paul, and Ulpian. In the sixth century the Institutes of Justinian were based on Gaius’ Institutes, supplemented by materials from other classical jurists. The institute system became widespread in bourgeois states. For example, its principles were at the basis of the French Civil Code of 1804 (the Napoleonic Code). REFERENCESZom, R. Institutsii: Uchebnik, vols. 1–2. St. Petersburg, 1908–10. (Translated from German.)
Institutsii Gaia. Warsaw, 1892. (Latin text and translation with introduction and notes by F. Dydinskii.)Institutes
Institutes 1 part of the CORPUS JURIS CIVILIS. 2 books based on the Institutes of Justinian and Gaius. In the second phase of Roman law, such systematic treatments appeared throughout Europe, attempting to state the law of the locality. INSTITUTES. The principles or first elements of jurisprudence.
2. Many books have borne the title of Institutes. Among the most celebrated in the common law, are the Institutes of Lord Coke, which, however, on account of the want of arrangement and the diffusion with which his books are written, bear but little the character of Institutes; in the, civil law the most generally known are those of Caius, Justinian, and Theophilus.
3. The Institutes of Caius are an abridgment of the Roman law, composed by the celebrated lawyer Caius or Gaius, who lived during th e reign of Marcus Aurelius.
4. The Institutes of Justinian, so called, because they are, as it were, masters and instructors to the. ignorant, and show an easy way to the obtaining of the knowledge of the law, are an abridgment of the Code and of the Digest, composed by order of that emperor: his intention in this composition was to give a summary knowledge of the law to those persons not versed in it, and particularly to merchants. The lawyers employed to make this book, were Tribonian, Theophilus, and Dorotheus. The work was first published in the year 533, and received the sanction of statute law, by order of the emperor. The Institutes of Justinian are divided into four books: each book is divided into two titles, and each title into parts. The first part is called principium, because it is the commencement of the title; those which follow are numbered and called paragraphs. The work treats of the rights of persons, of things, and of actions. The first book treats of persons; the second, third, and the first five titles of the fourth book, of things; and the remainder of the fourth book, of actions. This work has been much admired on account of its order and Scientific arrangement, which presents, at a single glance, the whole jurisprudence of the Romans. It is too little known and studied. The late Judge Cooper, of Pennsylvania, published an edition with valuable notes.
5. The Institutes of Theophilus are a paraphrase of those of Justinian, composed in Greek, by a lawyer of that name, by order of the emperor Phocas. Vide 1 Kent, Com. 538; Profession d'Avocat tom. ii. n. 536, page 95; Introd. a l'Etude du Droit Romain, p. 124; Dict. de Jurisp. h. t.; Merl. R‚pert. h. t.; Encyclop‚die de d'Alembert, h. t. |