Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

a viral disease in cattle characterized by general inhibition, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract (respiratory form), and by the development of vesicular inflammation of the genitalia (vaginal form). The disease is widespread in America, Europe, and Oceania. It causes heavy economic losses by reducing the weight and milk production of the animals; it also has a high death rate (about 50 percent). Young animals (over one year) are most susceptible to the disease. Infection occurs mainly through the respiratory tract. It generally occurs on feedlots (25–40 days after cattle are placed on full feed) and on dairy farms. The principal symptoms are discharge from the nose and vagina, cough, and copious tearing. The diagnosis is based on the results of clinical, epizootological, and virological studies. There is no specific therapy. Prevention and control require vaccination, quarantine, and disinfection.