inoculation
in·oc·u·la·tion
I0154700 (ĭ-nŏk′yə-lā′shən)in•oc•u•la•tion
(ɪˌnɒk yəˈleɪ ʃən)n.
in·oc·u·la·tion
(ĭ-nŏk′yə-lā′shən)| Noun | 1. |  inoculation - taking a vaccine as a precaution against contracting a disease |
| 单词 | inoculation | |||
| 释义 | inoculationin·oc·u·la·tionI0154700 (ĭ-nŏk′yə-lā′shən)in•oc•u•la•tion(ɪˌnɒk yəˈleɪ ʃən)n. in·oc·u·la·tion(ĭ-nŏk′yə-lā′shən)
inoculationinoculate(iˈnokjuleit) verbInoculationinoculation,in medicine, introduction of a preparation into the tissues or fluids of the body for the purpose of preventing or curing certain diseases. The preparation is usually a weakened culture of the agent causing the disease, as in vaccinationvaccination,means of producing immunity against pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, by the introduction of live, killed, or altered antigens that stimulate the body to produce antibodies against more dangerous forms. ..... Click the link for more information. against smallpox; however, it may also be composed of antitoxinsantitoxin, any of a group of antibodies formed in the body as a response to the introduction of poisonous products, or toxins. By introducing small amounts of a specific toxin into the healthy body, it is possible to stimulate the production of antitoxin so that the body's ..... Click the link for more information. , which provide immunity themselves, or toxoidstoxoid, protein toxin treated by heat or chemicals so that its poisonous property is destroyed but its capacity to stimulate the formation of toxin antibodies, or antitoxins, remains. ..... Click the link for more information. , which are proteins that stimulate the body to produce antitoxins (see immunityimmunity, ability of an organism to resist disease by identifying and destroying foreign substances or organisms. Although all animals have some immune capabilities, little is known about nonmammalian immunity. ..... Click the link for more information. ). Various forms of inoculation were used from ancient times in China, India, and Persia, but it remained for the English physician Edward JennerJenner, Edward, 1749–1823, English physician; pupil of John Hunter. His invaluable experiments beginning in 1796 with the vaccination of eight-year-old James Phipps proved that cowpox provided immunity against smallpox. ..... Click the link for more information. in the late 18th cent. to demonstrate its feasibility to the Western world. The term inoculation is used also to refer to the introduction of certain substances into plant tissues or to the placement of microorganisms into culture media (for experimental or diagnostic purposes) or into the soil. InoculationThe process of introducing a microorganism or suspension of microorganism into a culture medium. The medium may be (1) a solution of nutrients required by the organism or a solution of nutrients plus agar; (2) a cell suspension (tissue culture); (3) embryonated egg culture; or (4) animals, for example, rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, monkey, birds, or human being. When animals are used, the purpose usually is the activation of the immunological defenses against the organism. This is a form of vaccination, and quite often the two terms are used interchangeably. Both constitute a means of producing an artificial but active immunity against specific organisms, although the length of time given by such protection may vary widely with different organisms. See Immunity, Vaccination Inoculationthe introduction of live microorganisms, infective material, serum, or other substances into plant, animal, or human tissues, as well as into cultural media. The inoculation of a healthy person with a live causative agent of a disease (for example, vaccinia virus) produces a mild form of the disease and thereby develops immunity. Inoculation may be therapeutic (injection of specific serum for therapeutic purposes) or prophylactic (injection of immune serum or vaccine as a means of protection against a particular disease). Inoculation(of metals and alloys), the introduction of inoculants into molten metals and alloys. The addition of small quantities of inoculants sharply affects crystallization properties and, for example, leads to the formation of spherical or refined structural components and facilitates their even distribution throughout the principal phase. As a result of inoculation, alloys acquire a finer structure, which improves their mechanical properties. Inoculation is used in the production of cast iron and silumin ingots. Inoculation is distinct from microalloying, in which an increase in the quantity of additive leads to ordinary alloying (without a clear boundary between the effects produced). In inoculation, an increase in the quantity of additive may be impossible (because of volatility or low solubility), inefficient, or harmful (overinoculation). The phenomenon of liquid inoculation is sometimes observed upon the mixing of two different melts. An effect similar to inoculation may be produced by some types of physical treatment of molten metal—for example, in ultrasonic treatment and the application of an electromagnetic field. REFERENCELevi, L. I., and S. K. Kantenik. Liteinye splavy. Moscow, 1967.A. A. ZHUKOV inoculation[i‚näk·yə′lā·shən]inoculationinoculation[ĭ-nok″u-la´shun]in·oc·u·la·tion(in-ok-yū-lā'shŭn), Avoid the misspelling innoculation.inoculation(ĭ-nŏk′yə-lā′shən)in·oc·u·la·tion(i-nok'yū-lā'shŭn)inoculationImmunization or vaccination. The procedure by which the immune system is stimulated into producing protective antibodies (IMMUNOGLOBULINS) to specific infective agents, such as viruses and bacteria by the introduction into the body of safe forms of the organism or of its ANTIGENIC elements.inoculationthe introduction of biological material (the inoculum) into a medium such as a living organism, synthetic substrate or soil.in·oc·u·la·tion(i-nok'yū-lā'shŭn)Patient discussion about inoculationQ. Do Vaccines cause Autism? I have heard all over the news lately that the vaccines we give our children can cause Autism. Is this true? Is it dangerous? Should I vaccinate my one year old son? Q. Who Should Receive the Flu Vaccine? Should I go get vaccinated for the flu? I have been told it is advised only for certain people, so who should receive this vaccine? Q. Does the flu vaccine protect from all kinds of flu? If I get a flu vaccine does that mean I am completely protected from getting the flu? inoculation
Synonyms for inoculation
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