| 释义 |
inhibition
in·hi·bi·tion I0143200 (ĭn′hə-bĭsh′ən, ĭn′ə-)n.1. The act of inhibiting or the state of being inhibited.2. Something that restrains, blocks, or suppresses.3. Psychology Conscious or unconscious restraint of a behavioral process, desire, or impulse.4. a. Chemistry The condition in which or the process by which a reaction is inhibited.b. Biology The condition in which or the process by which an enzyme, for example, is inhibited.inhibition (ˌɪnɪˈbɪʃən; ˌɪnhɪ-) n1. the act of inhibiting or the condition of being inhibited2. (Psychology) psychol a. a mental state or condition in which the varieties of expression and behaviour of an individual become restrictedb. the weakening of a learned response usually as a result of extinction or because of the presence of a distracting stimulusc. (in psychoanalytical theory) the unconscious restraining of an impulse. See also repression3. (Chemistry) the process of stopping or retarding a chemical reaction4. (Physiology) physiol the suppression of the function or action of an organ or part, as by stimulation of its nerve supply5. (Anglicanism) Church of England an episcopal order suspending an incumbentin•hi•bi•tion (ˌɪn ɪˈbɪʃ ən, ˌɪn hɪ-)
n. 1. the act of inhibiting. 2. the state of being inhibited. 3. something that inhibits; constraint. 4. a. the conscious or unconscious restraint or suppression of behavior, impulses, etc., often due to guilt or fear produced by past punishment. b. the blocking or holding back of one psychological process by another. 5. a. a restraining, arresting, or checking of the action of an organ or cell. b. the reduction of a reflex or other activity as the result of an antagonistic stimulation. [1350–1400; Middle English < Latin] in·hi·bi·tion (ĭn′hə-bĭsh′ən) The blocking or limiting of the action of an organ, tissue, or cell of the body that is caused by the activity of certain nerves or by the release of a particular substance, such as a hormone or enzyme. Compare excitation.inhibitionMental blockage occurring when the superego or voice of conscience prevents the individual from behaving in a particular way.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | inhibition - (psychology) the conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts or desiressuppressionabstinence - act or practice of refraining from indulging an appetitepsychological science, psychology - the science of mental life | | 2. | inhibition - the quality of being inhibitedrestraint, control - discipline in personal and social activities; "he was a model of polite restraint"; "she never lost control of herself"taboo, tabu - an inhibition or ban resulting from social custom or emotional aversion | | 3. | inhibition - (physiology) the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent the functioning of an organ or part; "the inhibition of the heart by the vagus nerve"physiology - the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organismsbiological process, organic process - a process occurring in living organisms | | 4. | inhibition - the action of prohibiting or inhibiting or forbidding (or an instance thereof); "they were restrained by a prohibition in their charter"; "a medical inhibition of alcoholic beverages"; "he ignored his parents' forbiddance"forbiddance, prohibitionaction - something done (usually as opposed to something said); "there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions" |
inhibitionnoun1. shyness, reserve, restraint, hang-up (informal), modesty, nervousness, reticence, self-consciousness, timidity, diffidence, bashfulness, mental blockage, timidness They behave with a total lack of inhibition.2. obstacle, check, bar, block, barrier, restriction, hazard, restraint, hitch, drawback, snag, deterrent, obstruction, stumbling block, impediment, hindrance, encumbrance, interdict They cited security fears as a major inhibition to internet shopping.inhibitionnoun1. A refusal to allow:ban, disallowance, forbiddance, interdiction, prohibition, proscription, taboo.2. Something that limits or restricts:check, circumscription, constraint, cramp, curb, limit, limitation, restraint, restriction, stricture, trammel.Translationsinhibit (inˈhibit) verb to stop or hinder (eg someone from doing something). 禁止 禁止inˈhibited adjective unable to relax and express one's feelings in an open and natural way. 拘謹的 拘谨的，压抑的 inhibition (iniˈbiʃən) noun 禁止 禁止inhibition
inhibition1. Psychola. a mental state or condition in which the varieties of expression and behaviour of an individual become restricted b. the weakening of a learned response usually as a result of extinction or because of the presence of a distracting stimulus c. (in psychoanalytical theory) the unconscious restraining of an impulse 2. the process of stopping or retarding a chemical reaction 3. Physiol the suppression of the function or action of an organ or part, as by stimulation of its nerve supply 4. Church of England an episcopal order suspending an incumbent Inhibition in biology, an active nervous process that leads to the suppression or prevention of excitation. A distinction is made between peripheral inhibition, which takes place in the synapses and directly affects the muscular and glandular elements, and central inhibition, which takes place within the central nervous system. The best-known types of inhibition are based on the interaction between a mediator, secreted and discharged from presynaptic elements (usually nerve endings), and specific molecules of the postsynaptic membrane. Such interaction is accompanied by the postsynaptic membrane’s momentarily higher permeability to K+ and Cl– ions; this causes a reduction in the membrane’s electrical input impedance and in many cases also generates a hyper-polarizing inhibitory postsynaptic potential. As a result, the membrane’s excitability is diminished—an effect which may last from a few milliseconds in some cases to tens of milliseconds in others; thus the membrane is much less likely to be affected by the spreading excitation. Inhibition always develops as a consequence of excitation of the corresponding inhibitory neurons. The postsynaptic effect may be excitatory or inhibitory, depending on changes in the postsynaptic membrane’s ionic permeability associated with the interaction between the mediators and the receptors. Some mediators can therefore be the means of both excitation and inhibition. For example, acetylcholine inhibits the fibers of the myocardium and excites the skeletal muscles in vertebrates. In the nerve ganglia of mollusks, the synapses of cholinergic neurons produce excitation in some cells and inhibition in others. In the view of several researchers, some mediators are specifically inhibitory—for example, glycine in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata or gamma-aminobutyric acid in the brain centers and peripheral synapses of crustaceans. Neurons with specific inhibitory functions have been discovered, such as the Renshaw cells in the spinal cord, Purkinje’s cells in the cerebellum, and the basket cells in the hippocampus, which is part of the limbic system. The synapses formed by these neurons have ultrastructural properties that make it possible to distinguish them from excitatory synapses. In some types of neurons, the dendrites and the areas adjacent to them are the locus of the inhibitory synapses; in this case, inhibition is found to be highly effective by virtue of proximity to the triggering zone in which excitation is initiated. There are exceptions to this rule—for example, the inhibitory synapses of stellate neurons on Purkinje’s cells in the cerebellum are located on remote sections of the dendrites. The functional significance of postsynaptic inhibition is varied. Afferent (direct) inhibition serves to weaken the excitation of functionally antagonistic elements, thereby promoting a coordinated, spatially directed flow of excitation in chains of neurons. In the spinal cord in particular, this type of inhibition is the basis of reciprocal inhibition of the motoneurons that innervate antagonistic muscles. Collateral inhibition, which is effected through the reciprocal collaterals, or branches, of the axons of efferent neurons and specialized intercalary inhibitory neurons, stabilizes the proper level of excitation of a given structural-functional bloc of neurons and limits the spread of excitation to neighboring populations of neurons. Fewer studies have been made of presynaptic inhibition—a term applied to the suppression of excitation in the nerve endings, or at the point of entry of the postsynaptic cellular element. This type of inhibition is of especially long duration, lasting some hundreds of milliseconds, and it coincides with the period of depolarization of incoming afferents. It is generally assumed that the basis of presynaptic inhibition is depolarization, and that the morphological substrate of presynaptic inhibition consists of axon-to-axon synapses, the origin of whose presynaptic elements is unknown. Convincing arguments have been presented for regarding gamma-aminobutyric acid as a mediator of presynaptic inhibition, at least in the neuromuscular synapses of crustaceans and in the spinal cord of vertebrates. Sechenov’s inhibition, as demonstrated in the frog, is apparently a function of presynaptic inhibition. Another type of inhibition is the secondary type, also known as pessimum; in the theory of parabiosis, this term is applied to the blocking of excessive excitation, as first described by N. E. Vvedenskii. It is difficult to elicit such inhibition under experimental physiological conditions, but the phenomenon can be demonstrated in abnormal (specifically, convulsive) states. In his work on the conditioned reflex, I. P. Pavlov identified two types of inhibition: external inhibition is the inhibition of any ongoing activity by an orienting reflex in response to an extraneous stimulus, while internal inhibition refers to the extinction of conditioned reflexes, the differentiation of conditioned reflexes, or the formation of delayed and trace-conditioned reflexes. Another type of inhibition identified by Pavlov is protective inhibition, which prevents the overstimulation or overexhaustion of the nerve centers. Disruption of the relationship between inhibition and excitation results in various nervous and mental disorders. REFERENCESEccles, J. Fiziologiia sinapsov. Moscow, 1966. (Translated from English.)
Anokhin, P. K. Biologiia i neirofiziologiia uslovnogo refleksa. Moscow, 1968.
Kostiuk, P. G. “Tormozhenie.” In Obshchaia i chastnaia fiziologiia nervnoisistemy: Leningrad, 1969.
Eccles, J. Tormoznye puti tsentral’noi nervnoi sistemy. Moscow, 1971. (Translated from English.)A. S. BATUEV and D. N. LENKOV inhibition[‚in·ə′bish·ən] (psychology) An unconscious mechanism for restraining an impulse by means of an opposing impulse. (science and technology) The act of repressing or restraining a physical or chemical action. inhibition
inhibition [in″hĭ-bish´un] 1. arrest or restraint of a process.2. in psychoanalysis, the conscious or unconscious restraining of an impulse or desire. adj., adj inhib´itory.competitive inhibition inhibition of enzyme activity by an inhibitor (a substrate analogue) that competes with the substrate for binding sites on the enzymes.contact inhibition inhibition of cell division and cell motility in normal animal cells when in close contact with each other.noncompetitive inhibition inhibition of enzyme activity by substances that combine with the enzyme at a site other than that utilized by the substrate.in·hi·bi·tion (in'hi-bi'shŭn), 1. Depression or arrest of a function.
See also: inhibitor. 2. In psychoanalysis, the restraining of instinctive or unconscious drives or tendencies, especially if they conflict with one's conscience or with societal demands. 3. In psychology, a generic term for a variety of processes associated with the gradual attenuation, masking, and extinction of a previously conditioned response. 4. The reduction of the rate of a reaction or process. [L. inhibeo, pp. -hibitus, to keep back, fr. habeo, to have] inhibition (ĭn′hə-bĭsh′ən, ĭn′ə-)n.1. The act of inhibiting or the state of being inhibited.2. Something that restrains, blocks, or suppresses.3. Psychology Conscious or unconscious restraint of a behavioral process, desire, or impulse.4. a. Chemistry The condition in which or the process by which a reaction is inhibited.b. Biology The condition in which or the process by which an enzyme, for example, is inhibited.inhibition Psychiatry Behavior that reflects an unconscious defense against forbidden instinctive drives, which may interfere with or restrict specific activities. See Competitive inhibition, Disinhibition, Enzyme inhibition, Feedback inhibition, Multidrug-resistance inhibition, Outlaw inhibition, Postsynaptic inhibition, Presymptomatic inhibition, Reciprocal inhibition. in·hi·bi·tion (in'hi-bish'ŭn) 1. Depression or arrest of a function.
See also: inhibitor2. psychoanalysis The restraining of instinctual or unconscious drives or tendencies, especially if they conflict with one's conscience or with societal demands. 3. psychology The gradual attenuation, masking, and extinction of a previously conditioned response. [L. inhibeo, pp. -hibitus, to keep back, fr. habeo, to have]inhibition Arrest or limitation of a function or activity.inhibition a state in which an enzyme is unable to catalyse reactions. See COMPETITIVE INHIBITION and NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITION.InhibitionReferring to the moment in an Alexander lesson when the student refrains from beginning a movement in order to avoid tensing of the muscles.Mentioned in: Alexander Technique, Rubella Testin·hi·bi·tion (in'hi-bish'ŭn) 1. Depression or arrest of a function.
See also: inhibitor2. Reduction of rate of reaction or process. [L. inhibeo, pp. -hibitus, to keep back, fr. habeo, to have]inhibition
Related to inhibition: zone of inhibitioninhibition in the context of registered land, an entry on the register prohibiting (either for a specified period or until the occurrence of a stated event or until further order) any or some specified dealing with the land. In the Scots law of diligence or legal enforcement, a prohibition on a debtor preventing him dealing with his heritable property. It is recorded in the Register of Inhibitions and Adjudication, so ought to be known to the world at large. It does not prevent the carrying through of obligations established before it was effected. INHIBITION, Scotch law,. A personal prohibition which passes by letters under the signet, prohibiting the party inhibited to contract any debt, or do . any deed, by which any part of the lands may be aliened or carried off, in prejudice of the creditor inhibiting. Ersk. Pr. L. Scot. B. 2, t. 11, s. 2. See Diligences.
2. In the civil law, the prohibition which the law makes, or a judge ordains to an individual, is called inhibition. INHIBITION, Eng. law. The name of a writ which forbids a judge from further proceeding in a cause depending before him; it is in the nature of a prohibition. T. de la Ley; F. N. B. 39. FinancialSeeAMIinhibition
Related to inhibition: zone of inhibitionSynonyms for inhibitionnoun shynessSynonyms- shyness
- reserve
- restraint
- hang-up
- modesty
- nervousness
- reticence
- self-consciousness
- timidity
- diffidence
- bashfulness
- mental blockage
- timidness
noun obstacleSynonyms- obstacle
- check
- bar
- block
- barrier
- restriction
- hazard
- restraint
- hitch
- drawback
- snag
- deterrent
- obstruction
- stumbling block
- impediment
- hindrance
- encumbrance
- interdict
Synonyms for inhibitionnoun a refusal to allowSynonyms- ban
- disallowance
- forbiddance
- interdiction
- prohibition
- proscription
- taboo
noun something that limits or restrictsSynonyms- check
- circumscription
- constraint
- cramp
- curb
- limit
- limitation
- restraint
- restriction
- stricture
- trammel
Synonyms for inhibitionnoun (psychology) the conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts or desiresSynonymsRelated Words- abstinence
- psychological science
- psychology
noun the quality of being inhibitedRelated Words- restraint
- control
- taboo
- tabu
noun (physiology) the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent the functioning of an organ or partRelated Words- physiology
- biological process
- organic process
noun the action of prohibiting or inhibiting or forbidding (or an instance thereof)SynonymsRelated Words |