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Hawthorne
Haw·thorne H0091100 (hô′thôrn′), Nathaniel 1804-1864. American writer whose novels, such as The Scarlet Letter (1850) and The House of the Seven Gables (1851), and short stories, such as "Young Goodman Brown" (1835), are marked by elegant prose and moralistic and spiritual themes.Hawthorne (ˈhɔːˌθɔːn) n (Biography) Nathaniel. 1804–64, US novelist and short-story writer: his works include the novels The Scarlet Letter (1850) and The House of the Seven Gables (1851) and the children's stories Tanglewood Tales (1853)Haw•thorne (ˈhɔˌθɔrn)
n. 1. Nathaniel, 1804–64, U.S. writer. 2. a city in SW California, SW of Los Angeles. 64,730. Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  Hawthorne - United States writer of novels and short stories mostly on moral themes (1804-1864)Nathaniel Hawthorne |
Hawthorne
Hawthorne. 1 City (1990 pop. 71,349), Los Angeles co., S Calif., a suburb of Los Angeles; inc. 1922. Located in an oil- and gas-producing area, Hawthorne manufactures navigation systems, solar panels, electronic components, silicon instruments, and transportation equipment. 2 Borough (1990 pop. 17,084), Passaic co., NE N.J.; settled 1850, inc. 1898. Primarily a residential suburb of New York City, it has light manufacturing.Hawthorne Nathaniel. 1804--64, US novelist and short-story writer: his works include the novels The Scarlet Letter (1850) and The House of the Seven Gables (1851) and the children's stories Tanglewood Tales (1853) hawthorne
hawthorne (Crataegus Species) (haw-thorn) hawthorne, aubepine (trade name), cum flore (trade name), hagedorn (trade name), maybush (trade name), whitehorn (trade name) Classification Therapeutic: antihypertensives
HypertensionMild to moderate HFAnginaSpasmolyticSedativeActionActive compounds in hawthorne include flavonoids and procyanidins.Increase coronary blood flow.Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects because of increased permeability to calcium and inhibition of phosphodiesterase.Therapeutic effectsIncreased cardiac output.Decreased BP, myocardial workload, and oxygen consumption.PharmacokineticsAbsorption: Unknown.Distribution: Unknown.Metabolism and Excretion: Unknown.Half-life: Unknown.Time/action profile | ROUTE | ONSET | PEAK | DURATION |
|---|
| PO | unknown | 6-8 wk | unknown |
Contraindications/PrecautionsContraindicated in: Pregnancy (potential uterine activity); Lactation.Use Cautiously in: Concurrent use with ACE inhibitors and digoxin; Do not discontinue use abruptly.Adverse Reactions/Side EffectsCentral nervous system- agitation
- dizziness
- fatigue
- vertigo
- headache
- sedation (high dose)
- sleeplessness
- sweating
Cardiovascular- hypotension (high dose)
- palpitations
DermatologicGastrointestinalInteractionsMay potentiate effects of digoxin, calcium channel blockers, and beta blockers.Concurrent use with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil ) and nitrates may potentiate vasodilatory effects.May cause additive CNS depression when used with other CNS depressants.Additive effect with other cardiac glycoside–containing herbs (digitalis leaf, black hellebore, oleander leaf, and others).Additive hypotensive effects with herbs than lower BP such as ginger, panax ginseng, coenzyme Q-10and valerian.Additive effect with other cardioactive herbs (devil’s claw, fenugreek, and others).Oral (Adults) Heart failure—160–1800 mg standardized hawthorne leaf with flower extract in 2–3 divided doses daily. Hawthorne fluid extract (1:1 in 25% alcohol)—0.5–1 mL tid; hawthorne fruit tincture (1:5 in 45% alcohol)—1–2 mL tid; dried hawthorne berries—300–1000 mg tid.Availability (generic available)Dried fruit: OTCLiquid extract of the fruit or leaf: OTCTincture of the fruit or leaf: OTCNursing implicationsNursing assessment- Monitor intake and output rations and daily weight. Assess for peripheral edema, auscultate lungs for rales and crackles during therapy.
- Assess BP and pulse periodically during therapy.
Potential Nursing DiagnosesDecreased cardiac output (Indications)
Deficient knowledge, related to medication regimen (Patient/Family Teaching)
Implementation- Administered as 2–3 divided doses daily at the same time.
- May be taken without regard to food.
Patient/Family Teaching- Advise patients that there are other proven therapies available for treatment of heart failure. These therapies should be employed prior to initiating treatment with hawthorne.
- Tell patient not to take hawthorne without the advice of health care professional.
- Instruct patients in the symptoms of a heart attack (pain in the region of the heart, jaw, arm, or upper abdomen; sweating; chest tightness) and heart failure (shortness of breath, chest tightness, dizziness, sweating) and to promptly contact health care professional if they occur.
- Advise patient to report weight gain or persistent swelling of the feet to health care professional.
- May cause dizziness and fatigue. Patients should avoid driving or other activities that require mental alertness until response to herb is known.
- Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants while taking hawthorne without consulting health care professional.
- Profuse sweating and dehydration under extreme heat may increase the BP-lowering properties of hawthorne, leading to severe hypotension. Warn patients to avoid exertion in hot weather to minimize the risk of side effects.
- Instruct patients that hawthorne helps control the symptoms of heart failure but does not cure the disease. Lifestyle changes (salt restriction, weight management, exercise as tolerated, adherence to medication regimens) still need to be followed.
- Instruct patient to consult health care professional before taking Rx, OTC, or other herbal products concurrently with hawthorne.
- Advise female patients to use contraception during therapy and to notify health care professional if pregnancy is planned or suspected or if breastfeeding.
Evaluation/Desired Outcomes- Decrease in symptoms of HF. Effects may not be seen for 6 wks.
- Improved cardiac output as evidenced by improved activity tolerance.
Hawthorne
Related to Hawthorne: Hawthorne studiesSynonyms for Hawthornenoun United States writer of novels and short stories mostly on moral themes (1804-1864)Synonyms |