| 释义 |
hierarchy
hi·er·ar·chy H0189400 (hī′ə-rär′kē, hī′rär′-)n. pl. hi·er·ar·chies 1. A group of persons or things organized into successive ranks or grades with each level subordinate to the one above: a career spent moving up through the military hierarchy.2. Categorization or arrangement of a group of people or things into such ranks or grades: classification by hierarchy; discounting the effects of hierarchy.3. A body of persons having authority: "his relations with Hitler and the Nazi hierarchy" (John Kenneth Galbraith).4. A group of animals in which certain members or subgroups dominate or submit to others.5. One of three main divisions of angels in traditional Christian angelology.
[Middle English ierarchie, from Old French, from Medieval Latin hierarchia, from Greek hierarkhiā, rule of a high priest, from hierarkhēs, high priest; see hierarch.]hierarchy (ˈhaɪəˌrɑːkɪ) n, pl -chies1. a system of persons or things arranged in a graded order2. (Ecclesiastical Terms) a body of persons in holy orders organized into graded ranks3. (Ecclesiastical Terms) the collective body of those so organized4. (Biology) a series of ordered groupings within a system, such as the arrangement of plants and animals into classes, orders, families, etc5. (Linguistics) linguistics maths a formal structure, usually represented by a diagram of connected nodes, with a single uppermost element. Compare ordering, heterarchy, tree66. (Mathematics) linguistics maths a formal structure, usually represented by a diagram of connected nodes, with a single uppermost element. Compare ordering, heterarchy, tree67. (Ecclesiastical Terms) government by an organized priesthood[C14: from Medieval Latin hierarchia, from Late Greek hierarkhia, from hierarkhēs high priest; see hiero-, -archy] ˌhierˈarchical, ˌhierˈarchic adj ˌhierˈarchically adv ˈhierˌarchism nhi•er•ar•chy (ˈhaɪ əˌrɑr ki, ˈhaɪ rɑr-)
n., pl. -chies. 1. any system of persons or things ranked one above another. 2. government by ecclesiastical rulers. 3. the power or dominion of a hierarch. 4. an organized body of ecclesiastical officials in successive ranks or orders: the Roman Catholic hierarchy. 5. one of the three divisions of the angels, each made up of three orders, conceived as constituting a graded body. 6. angels collectively. [1300–50; Middle English jerarchie < Middle French ierarchie < Medieval Latin (h)ierarchia < Late Greek hierarchía rule or power of the high priest] Hierarchy a body of officials arranged in ranks; each of three groups of angels; ecclesiastics, priests, or clergy, collectively.Examples: hierarchy of angels, 1398; of being, 1875; of clergy, 1563; of concepts, 1864; of intelligence, 1875; of priests.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  hierarchy - a series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system; "put honesty first in her hierarchy of values"celestial hierarchy - the collective body of angelsdata hierarchy - an arrangement of data consisting of sets and subsets such that every subset of a set is of lower rank than the settaxonomy - a classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure or origin etcsystem, scheme - a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole; "a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going"series - similar things placed in order or happening one after another; "they were investigating a series of bank robberies" | | 2. | hierarchy - the organization of people at different ranks in an administrative bodypecking order, power structureorganization, organisation - a group of people who work togethergovernance, governing body, organisation, administration, brass, establishment, organization - the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something; "he claims that the present administration is corrupt"; "the governance of an association is responsible to its members"; "he quickly became recognized as a member of the establishment"hierarch - a person who holds a high position in a hierarchy |
hierarchynoun grading, ranking, social order, pecking order, class system, social stratum Even in the desert there was a kind of social hierarchy.Quotations
"We rank ourselves by the familiar dog system, a ladderlike social arrangement wherein one individual outranks all others, the next outranks all but the first, and so on down the hierarchy" [Elizabeth Marshall Thomas Strong and Sensitive Cats]
"In a hierarchy every employee tends to rise to his level of incompetence" [Laurence Peter The Peter Principle]Translationshierarchy (ˈhaiəraːki) noun (an) arrangement (of usually people in a group, also things etc) in order of rank, importance etc. 階層 等级hieˈrarchical (-ˈraː-) adjective 階層式 等级的
Notice the second r in hierarchy. hierarchy
hierarchy: see ministryministry,
in religion, term used to designate the clergy of Protestant churches, particularly those who repudiate the claims of apostolic succession. The ceremony by which the candidate receives the office of a minister is called ordination.
..... Click the link for more information. and orders, holyorders, holy
[Lat. ordo,=rank], in Christianity, the traditional degrees of the clergy, conferred by the Sacrament of Holy Order. The episcopacy, priesthood or presbyterate, and diaconate were in general use in Christian churches in the 2d cent.
..... Click the link for more information. .HierarchyAn arrangement or system of ranking one above the other or arranged in a graded series or sequence such as size (large to small), shape (similar or dissimilar), and placement (emphasis or location). Hierarchy the ordering of parts or elements of a whole from the highest to the lowest. The term “hierarchy” was introduced not earlier than the second half of the fifth century by Pseudo-Dionysius in his treatises The Celestial Hierarchy and The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy. Until the 19th century, it was used to describe the organization of the Christian church. The development of the conception of hierarchy in science began in the second half of the 19th century. In the social sciences, the conception of hierarchy was originally used to describe class-estate divisions in an antagonistic society (for example, feudal hierarchy) and to characterize the structure of authority, especially of bureaucracy. In contemporary bourgeois sociology, numerous research studies have been devoted to the hierarchy of prestige, the hierarchy of wealth, and the hierarchy of power and control as an expression of social stratification and of social inequality. With the appearance of the general systems theory in the 20th century, the conception of hierarchy was applied to describe any system objects. Hierarchically organized forms exist in all spheres of objective reality: inorganic, biological, and social. In Marxist philosophy, the idea of the hierarchy of qualitatively irreducible structural levels of matter has been developed. In general organizational theory, hierarchy is seen as the principle of control that secures the effective functioning of the organization. The hierarchy of levels (tiers) of a language is distinguished in linguistics. In graph theory the hierarchically constructed graph (the so-called tree) is used. L. A. SEDOV hierarchy1. Religion a body of persons in holy orders organized into graded ranks 2. Taxonomy a series of ordered groupings within a system, such as the arrangement of plants and animals into classes, orders, families, etc. 3. Linguistics Maths a formal structure, usually represented by a diagram of connected nodes, with a single uppermost element 4. government by an organized priesthood hierarchyAn organisation with few things, or one thing, at the top andwith several things below each other thing. An inverted treestructure. Examples in computing include a directoryhierarchy where each directory may contain files or otherdirectories; a hierarchical network (see hierarchical routing), a class hierarchy in object-oriented programming.hierarchyA structure that has a predetermined ordering from high to low. For example, all files and folders on the hard disk are organized in a hierarchy (see Win Folder organization).hierarchy
hi·er·ar·chy (hī'ĕr-ar-kē, hī-rar'kē), 1. Any system of people or things ranked one above the other. 2. In psychology and psychiatry, an organization of habits or concepts in which simpler components are combined to form increasingly complex integrations. [G. hierarchia, rule or power of the high priest] hierarchy (hī′ə-rär′kē, hī′rär′-)n. pl. hierar·chies 1. A group of persons or things organized into successive ranks or grades with each level subordinate to the one above: a career spent moving up through the military hierarchy.2. Categorization or arrangement of a group of people or things into such ranks or grades: classification by hierarchy; discounting the effects of hierarchy.3. A group of animals in which certain members or subgroups dominate or submit to others.hi·er·ar·chy (hī'ĕr-ahr-kē) 1. Any system of people or things ranked one above the other. 2. psychology/psychiatry An organization of habits or concepts in which simpler components are combined to form increasingly complex integrations. [G. hierarchia, rule or power of the high priest]hierarchy (in CLASSIFICATION) the system of ranking in a graded order from species to kingdom. see HIGHER CATEGORY.hi·er·ar·chy (hī'ĕr-ahr-kē) Any system of people or things ranked one above the other. [G. hierarchia, rule or power of the high priest]Hierarchy
HierarchyA group of people who form an ascending chain of power or authority. Officers in a government, for example, form an escalating series of ranks or degrees of power, with each rank subject to the authority of the one on the next level above. In a majority of hierarchical arrangements, there are a larger number of people at the bottom than at the top. Originally, the term was used to mean government by a body of priests. Currently, a hierarchy is used to denote any body of individuals arranged or classified according to capacity, authority, position, or rank. HIERARCHY, eccl. law. A hierarchy signified, originally, power of the priest; for in the beginning of societies, the priests were entrusted with all the power but, among the priests themselves, there were different degrees of power and authority, at the summit of which was the sovereign pontiff, and this was called the hierarchy. Now it signifies, not so much the power of the priests as the border of power. hierarchy
HierarchyIn human relations, governance in which who is in power over whom is clearly defined. For example, a hierarchy may exist with a company owner and three employees in that the owner is in charge of the employees. Hierarchy is easy to understand; power structures are marked and followed. It may be contrasted with a heterarchy, but one may exist within the other.hierarchy - any pattern of social relationships where some individuals have AUTHORITY over others.
- the vertical structure of an ORGANIZATION. Generally there will be a number of management levels in the hierarchy with each having authority over the one beneath it. In a very small organization there might be only two levels in the hierarchy – the manager and the managed. In larger organizations the number will be greater, though it is rarely above eight. Organizations with a high number of levels are said to be tall whilst those with only two or three are said to be flat. There is an inverse relationship with the SPAN OF CONTROL. Where the latter is high, i.e. each manager supervises a large number of subordinates, there will be a tendency towards a flat structure. For the same number of total staff, a low span of control will be associated with a tall structure. See ORGANIZATION CHART, DE-LAYERING.
hierarchy the ORGANIZATION of economic activities within the FIRM. The internal hierarchy of management levels within the firm can, under certain circumstances, take responsibility for economic transactions rather than conduct them at arm's length through external MARKET relationships. See INTERNALIZATION.AcronymsSeeHRCHYhierarchy
Synonyms for hierarchynoun gradingSynonyms- grading
- ranking
- social order
- pecking order
- class system
- social stratum
Synonyms for hierarchynoun a series of ordered groupings of people or things within a systemRelated Words- celestial hierarchy
- data hierarchy
- taxonomy
- system
- scheme
- series
noun the organization of people at different ranks in an administrative bodySynonyms- pecking order
- power structure
Related Words- organization
- organisation
- governance
- governing body
- administration
- brass
- establishment
- hierarch
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