| 释义 |
aneuploidy
an·eu·ploid A0296900 (ăn′yə-ploid′)adj. Having a chromosome number that is not a multiple of the haploid number for the species.n. A cell or an organism characterized by an aneuploid chromosome number.
[an- + euploid.]
an′eu·ploi′dy (-ploi′dē) n.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | aneuploidy - an abnormality involving a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number (one chromosome set is incomplete)abnormalcy, abnormality - an abnormal physical condition resulting from defective genes or developmental deficiencies |
Translationsaneuploidy
aneuploidy [an″u-ploi´de] the state of having chromosomes in a number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number. adj., adj an´euploid.an·eu·ploi·d·y (an'yū-ploy'dē), State of being aneuploid.an·eu·ploi·d·y (an'yū-ploy'dē) State of being aneuploid.aneuploidy An abnormality in the number of CHROMOSOMES by loss or duplication. The number may be smaller or greater than the normal diploid constitution. The loss of a whole chromosome is lethal. A chromosome extra to one of the pairs is called TRISOMY. Trisomy 21, for instance, causes DOWN'S SYNDROME. DNA aneuploidy refers to abnormal quantities of DNA in a nucleus. See also MOSAICISM.aneuploidy a condition where more or less than a complete set of chromosomes is found in each cell of an individual. Compare EUPLOIDY. Typically aneuploids have one extra or one missing chromosome. For example, in DOWN'S SYNDROME affected individuals have three number-21 chromosomes rather than the normal two, a condition known as TRISOMY. see CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION.chromosome One of the thread-like structures located within the cell nucleus composed of an extremely long, double-stranded DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) helix tightly folded around proteins called histones. Each chromosome carries genes that contain the hereditary material that controls the growth and characteristics of the body. There are 46 chromosomes in each human somatic cell organized in 23 pairs, of which 22 pairs are similar in appearance but differ at the molecular level. They are called autosomal chromosomes or autosomes and are designated by a number (with chromosome 1 being the longest, followed by chromosome 2, etc.). The other pair, the sex chromosomes determines the sex of the individual. In mammals the two sex chromosomes of females are alike (homologous) and are referred to as X chromosomes. Males carry one X chromosome along with a much shorter chromosome, the Y chromosome. Each chromosome has a centromere that divides it into two arms, the short arm 'p' and the long arm 'q'. Disorders of chromosome number in which the number of chromosomes is above or below the normal (46) are called aneuploidy. Common forms of aneuploidy are trisomy in which there is one extra chromosome and monosomy in which there is one less, than the normal 46. They rarely cause specific eye diseases but affected individuals present ocular manifestations. Examples: Down's syndrome (trisomy of chromosome 21), Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18), Turner's syndrome (monosomy 45 XO). There are other chromosome abnormalities such as translocation (one segment of a chromosome is transferred to another chromosome) as may occur in congenital anterior polar cataract, deletion (a loss of a piece of chromosome) as in aniridia, choroideremia, retinoblastoma, etc. Other cases involve damage of a chromosome (e.g. fragile X syndrome). See defective colour vision; gene; mitosis; mutation.aneuploidy
Related to aneuploidy: aneuploidy screening, Turner syndromeWords related to aneuploidynoun an abnormality involving a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number (one chromosome set is incomplete)Related Words |