| 释义 |
hiccough
hic·cup also hic·cough H0186400 (hĭk′əp)n.1. a. A spasm of the diaphragm resulting in a rapid, involuntary inhalation that is stopped by the sudden closure of the glottis and accompanied by a sharp, distinctive sound.b. hiccups also hiccoughs An attack of these spasms. Often used with the.2. The sound made by such a spasm or a sound resembling it: "the urgent hiccup of a police siren" (John Updike).3. A usually minor setback, impediment, or difficulty; a hitch: "As long as the Fed remains fearful to act lest it be blamed for any economic hiccup, market uncertainty will continue" (Kevin Brady).intr.v. hic·cupped, hic·cup·ping, hic·cups also hic·coughed or hic·cough·ing or hic·coughs 1. To make a hiccup or a sound like a hiccup.2. To have an attack of hiccups.
[Imitative.]hiccough
Past participle: hiccoughed
Gerund: hiccoughing
| Imperative |
|---|
| hiccough | | hiccough |
| Present |
|---|
| I hiccough | | you hiccough | | he/she/it hiccoughs | | we hiccough | | you hiccough | | they hiccough |
| Preterite |
|---|
| I hiccoughed | | you hiccoughed | | he/she/it hiccoughed | | we hiccoughed | | you hiccoughed | | they hiccoughed |
| Present Continuous |
|---|
| I am hiccoughing | | you are hiccoughing | | he/she/it is hiccoughing | | we are hiccoughing | | you are hiccoughing | | they are hiccoughing |
| Present Perfect |
|---|
| I have hiccoughed | | you have hiccoughed | | he/she/it has hiccoughed | | we have hiccoughed | | you have hiccoughed | | they have hiccoughed |
| Past Continuous |
|---|
| I was hiccoughing | | you were hiccoughing | | he/she/it was hiccoughing | | we were hiccoughing | | you were hiccoughing | | they were hiccoughing |
| Past Perfect |
|---|
| I had hiccoughed | | you had hiccoughed | | he/she/it had hiccoughed | | we had hiccoughed | | you had hiccoughed | | they had hiccoughed |
| Future |
|---|
| I will hiccough | | you will hiccough | | he/she/it will hiccough | | we will hiccough | | you will hiccough | | they will hiccough |
| Future Perfect |
|---|
| I will have hiccoughed | | you will have hiccoughed | | he/she/it will have hiccoughed | | we will have hiccoughed | | you will have hiccoughed | | they will have hiccoughed |
| Future Continuous |
|---|
| I will be hiccoughing | | you will be hiccoughing | | he/she/it will be hiccoughing | | we will be hiccoughing | | you will be hiccoughing | | they will be hiccoughing |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I have been hiccoughing | | you have been hiccoughing | | he/she/it has been hiccoughing | | we have been hiccoughing | | you have been hiccoughing | | they have been hiccoughing |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I will have been hiccoughing | | you will have been hiccoughing | | he/she/it will have been hiccoughing | | we will have been hiccoughing | | you will have been hiccoughing | | they will have been hiccoughing |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I had been hiccoughing | | you had been hiccoughing | | he/she/it had been hiccoughing | | we had been hiccoughing | | you had been hiccoughing | | they had been hiccoughing |
| Conditional |
|---|
| I would hiccough | | you would hiccough | | he/she/it would hiccough | | we would hiccough | | you would hiccough | | they would hiccough |
| Past Conditional |
|---|
| I would have hiccoughed | | you would have hiccoughed | | he/she/it would have hiccoughed | | we would have hiccoughed | | you would have hiccoughed | | they would have hiccoughed |
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  hiccough - (usually plural) the state of having reflex spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by a rapid closure of the glottis producing an audible sound; sometimes a symptom of indigestion; "how do you cure the hiccups?"hiccup, singultusinborn reflex, innate reflex, instinctive reflex, physiological reaction, reflex, reflex action, reflex response, unconditioned reflex - an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulusplural, plural form - the form of a word that is used to denote more than onesymptom - (medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease | | Verb | 1. | hiccough - breathe spasmodically, and make a sound; "When you have to hiccup, drink a glass of cold water"hiccupbreathe, take a breath, suspire, respire - draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs; "I can breathe better when the air is clean"; "The patient is respiring" |
Translationshiccup, hiccough (ˈhikap) noun1. (the sound caused by) a sudden brief stopping of the breath caused by eg eating or drinking too much, too quickly. 打飽嗝 打嗝2. (in plural) the frequent repetition of this, at intervals of a few seconds. an attack of hiccoughs; I've got the hiccups. 打嗝 连续地打嗝，打嗝儿 verb – past tense, past participle ˈhiccuped (American also ˈhiccupped) – to make a hiccup or hiccups. 打嗝 打嗝EncyclopediaSeehiccuphiccough
hiccup [hik´up] spasmodic involuntary contraction of the diaphragm that results in uncontrolled breathing in of air; it is accompanied by a peculiar noise produced by a beginning inhalation that is suddenly checked by closure of the glottis. Hiccups have many different possible causes, such as rapid eating, irritation in the digestive or respiratory system, or irritation of the diaphragm muscle itself; they sometimes occur as a complication following some kinds of surgery or in serious diseases such as uremia and epidemic encephalitis; and they may have a purely emotional cause. The condition is serious only when it persists for a long time; hiccups usually stop after a few minutes. Called also hiccough and singultus.
Standard home remedies for hiccups include holding the breath, swallowing sugar or a bread crust, pulling the tongue forward, applications of cold to the back of the neck, simply sipping water slowly, and breathing into a paper bag. The bag has the effect of cutting off normal exchange of air with the surrounding atmosphere. The air in the bag, after a few breaths, will have an increasingly high carbon dioxide content, and so will the air in the lungs, and finally the blood. As a result, the automatic respiratory centers in the brain call for stronger and deeper breathing to get rid of the carbon dioxide. This frequently makes the contractions of the diaphragm more regular and eliminates the hiccups. (Patients should be cautioned not to use this paper bag method for longer than one minute at a time.) In extreme cases of prolonged hiccups, sedatives or antianxiety agents may be necessary.An abrupt inspiratory muscle contraction, followed within 35 msec by glottic closure; the hiccup center is in the spinal cord between C3 and C5; an afferent impulse is carried by the vagus and phrenic nerves and thoracic sympathetic chain; the efferent impulse is carried by the phrenic nerve with branches to the glottis and accessory respiratory muscles
Aetiology Idiopathic, psychogenic, abdominal disease—gastric distension, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, bowel obstruction—esophagospasm or inflammation including hepatitis, peritonitis, gastritis, enteritis, appendicitis, pancreatitis, abrupt temperature change, alcohol, inferior wall MI, irritation of tympanic membrane, metabolic derangements—azotemia, hyponatraemia, uremia—diaphragmatic irritants, diseases of chest wall, lung, and heart—mediastinitis, tumours, aortic aneurysms, subphrenic abcesses, pericarditis—foreign bodies, excess smoking, excitement or stress, toxins, drugs—general anesthesia, barbiturates, diazepam, alpha-methyldopa—pneumonia, herpes zoster, central and peripheral nervous system disease—encephalitis, tumours, meningitis, brainstem infarcts, phrenic nerve compression, cervical cord lesions; intractable hiccupping may result in inability to eat or sleep, arrhythmias or reflux oesophagitis, or may be compatible with a normal life. The most recalcitrant case of hypersingultation occurred in an American pig farmer, which began in 1922, and continued to 1987
Management No therapy is consistently effective.Chlorpromazine, a dopaminergic blocker, and diphenhydramine may be as effective as—and more dignified than—standing on one’s head and other ‘folk’ maneuvers; other dopaminergic blockers include haloperidol, metoclopramide and apomorphine; rare cases respond to amantidine or amitriptyline, carbamazepine, nifedipine, baclofen, ketamine, phenytoin and lidocaine, with fewer side effectshic·cup , hiccough (hik'ŭp) A diaphragmatic spasm causing a sudden inhalation interrupted by a spasmodic closure of the glottis. FinancialSeeHiccuphiccough
Synonyms for hiccoughnoun (usually plural) the state of having reflex spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by a rapid closure of the glottis producing an audible soundSynonymsRelated Words- inborn reflex
- innate reflex
- instinctive reflex
- physiological reaction
- reflex
- reflex action
- reflex response
- unconditioned reflex
- plural
- plural form
- symptom
verb breathe spasmodically, and make a soundSynonymsRelated Words- breathe
- take a breath
- suspire
- respire
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