| 释义 |
Hebrew
He·brew H0118800 (hē′bro͞o)n.1. a. A member of an ancient Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; an Israelite.b. A descendant of this people; a Jew.2. a. The Semitic language of the ancient Hebrews.b. Any of the various later forms of this language, especially the language of the Israelis.3. Hebrews(used with a sing. verb) See Table at Bible.
[Middle English Ebreu, from Old French, from Latin Hebraeus, Hebraic, from Greek Hebraios, from Aramaic 'ibrāy, from Hebrew 'ibrî.]
He′brew adj.Hebrew (ˈhiːbruː) n1. (Languages) the ancient language of the Hebrews, revived as the official language of Israel. It belongs to the Canaanitic branch of the Semitic subfamily of the Afro-Asiatic family of languages2. (Historical Terms) a member of an ancient Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham; an Israelite3. archaic or offensive a Jewadj4. (Peoples) of or relating to the Hebrews or their language5. (Languages) of or relating to the Hebrews or their language6. archaic or offensive Jewish[C13: from Old French Ebreu, from Latin Hebraeus, from Greek Hebraios, from Aramaic `ibhray, from Hebrew `ibhrī one from beyond (the river)]He•brew (ˈhi bru)
n. 1. a member of any of a group of Semitic peoples who inhabited ancient Palestine and claimed descent from the Biblical patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. 2. the Semitic language of the ancient Hebrews, retained as the liturgical and scholarly language of Judaism and revived as a vernacular in the 20th century. adj. 3. of or pertaining to the Hebrews or their language in its ancient or modern forms: the Hebrew alphabet. [before 1000; Old English Ebrēas (pl.) < Medieval Latin Ebrēī; Middle English Hebreu, variant (with H- < Latin) of Ebreu < Old French < Medieval Latin Ebrēus, for Latin Hebraeus < Late Greek Hebraîos < Aramaic ‘Ibhraij] Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  Hebrew - the ancient Canaanitic language of the Hebrews that has been revived as the official language of IsraelHakham - a Hebrew title of respect for a wise and highly educated manRabbi - a Hebrew title of respect for a Jewish scholar or teacherModern Hebrew - Hebrew used in Israel today; revived from ancient HebrewCanaanitic, Canaanitic language - a group of Semitic languagesrabbi - spiritual leader of a Jewish congregation; qualified to expound and apply Jewish law | | 2. |  Hebrew - a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious tiesJew, Israeliteindividual, mortal, person, somebody, someone, soul - a human being; "there was too much for one person to do"Jewry - Jews collectivelyAshkenazi - a Jew of eastern European or German descentConservative Jew - Jew who keeps some requirements of Mosaic law but adapts others to suit modern circumstancesEssene - a member of an ascetic Jewish sect around the time of JesusJewess - a woman who is a Jewhymie, kike, sheeny, yid - (ethnic slur) offensive term for a JewLevite - a member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi (especially the branch that provided male assistants to the temple priests)Orthodox Jew - Jew who practices strict observance of Mosaic lawPharisee - a member of an ancient Jewish sect noted for strict obedience to Jewish traditionsReform Jew - liberal Jew who tries to adapt all aspects of Judaism to modern circumstancesSadducee - a member of an ancient Jewish sect around the time of Jesus; opposed to the PhariseesSephardi, Sephardic Jew - a Jew who is of Spanish or Portuguese or North African descentWandering Jew - a legendary Jew condemned to roam the world for mocking Jesus at the CrucifixionZealot - a member of an ancient Jewish sect in Judea in the first century who fought to the death against the Romans and who killed or persecuted Jews who collaborated with the RomansZionist - a Jewish supporter of Zionism | | Adj. | 1. | Hebrew - of or relating to or characteristic of the Hebrews; "the old Hebrew prophets"Hebraical, Hebraic | | 2. | Hebrew - of or relating to the language of the Hebrews; "Hebrew vowels"Hebraic, Hebraical |
TranslationsHebrew
Hebrew1. the ancient language of the Hebrews, revived as the official language of Israel. It belongs to the Canaanitic branch of the Semitic subfamily of the Afro-Asiatic family of languages 2. a member of an ancient Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham; an Israelite
www.wsu.edu.8080/~dee/HEBREWS/HEBREWS.HTMHebrew a Semitic language of the Canaanite subgroup, the official language of Israel. Hebrew is spoken by about 2.5 million people, according to 1972 estimates. The Hebrews of Palestine spoke ancient Hebrew in the second and first millennia B.C. The most important work in ancient Hebrew is the Old Testament. The oldest part of the Old Testament, the Song of Deborah, was written in the 13th or 12th century B.C.; the rest of the text, between the ninth and the second century B.C.; and the various legends, beginning in the ninth century B.C. The phonetics, grammar, and lexicon of ancient Hebrew are typically Semitic. The proto-Semitic consonant-ism has basically been retained, but the vocalism has become much more complex, through different developments of the vowels in various syllablic and accentual conditions. The Semitic morphology, except for the cases, has been almost entirely retained. Grammatical meanings are rendered through the alternation of vowels, the gemination of stem consonants, and the use of suffixes and prefixes. At the beginning of the Common Era, Hebrew was replaced by Aramaic in everyday speech, remaining only a language of culture and religion. During the Middle Ages (and in modern times), Hebrew became the language of artistic, philosophical, scholarly, and religious literature. Hebrew again became a spoken language in Palestine around the turn of the 20th century. Modern Hebrew retains a number of the ancient morphological forms, roots, and words, but its semantics and syntax have undergone strong substratal and superstratal influences of Yiddish, other Germanic languages, and Slavic languages. There are several traditional pronunciations of Hebrew, including the Ashkenazic, among the Jews of Eastern Europe; the Sephardic, in the Balkans and among those Jews who had come from Spain; the pronunciation of the Jews of the Arabic countries; and the pronunciation of the Georgian Jews. The basis of modern Hebrew is Sephardic. In modern Hebrew, vowels and consonants are no longer distinguished through gemination, and several specifically Semitic consonants, such as the emphatics and most of the laryngeals, have been lost. The lexicon is being modernized and supplemented mainly from Semitic roots and models of word formation. REFERENCESShapiro, F. L. Ivrit-russkii slovar’, s prilozheniem kratkogo grammati-cheskogo ocherka iazyka ivrit. Compiled by B. M. Grande. Moscow, 1963.
Steuernagel, C. Hebäische Grammatik, 12th ed. Leipzig, 1961.
Rosen, H. B. A Textbook of Israeli Hebrew. Chicago, 1966.
Even-Shoshan, A. Milon khadash, 5th ed., vols. 1–5. Jerusalem, 1956–57.A. B. DOLGOPOL’SKII AcronymsSeeHeHebrew
Related to Hebrew: Hebrew alphabet, Hebrew peopleSynonyms for Hebrewnoun the ancient Canaanitic language of the Hebrews that has been revived as the official language of IsraelRelated Words- Hakham
- Rabbi
- Modern Hebrew
- Canaanitic
- Canaanitic language
noun a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious tiesSynonymsRelated Words- individual
- mortal
- person
- somebody
- someone
- soul
- Jewry
- Ashkenazi
- Conservative Jew
- Essene
- Jewess
- hymie
- kike
- sheeny
- yid
- Levite
- Orthodox Jew
- Pharisee
- Reform Jew
- Sadducee
- Sephardi
- Sephardic Jew
- Wandering Jew
- Zealot
- Zionist
adj of or relating to or characteristic of the HebrewsSynonymsadj of or relating to the language of the HebrewsSynonyms |