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holism
ho·lism H0240100 (hō′lĭz′əm)n.1. The theory that living matter or reality is made up of organic or unified wholes that are greater than the simple sum of their parts.2. A holistic investigation or system of treatment.
ho′list n.holism (ˈhəʊlɪzəm) n1. (Philosophy) any doctrine that a system may have properties over and above those of its parts and their organization2. (Medicine) the treatment of any subject as a whole integrated system, esp, in medicine, the consideration of the complete person, physically and psychologically, in the treatment of a disease. See also alternative medicine3. (Philosophy) philosophy one of a number of methodological theses holding that the significance of the parts can only be understood in terms of their contribution to the significance of the whole and that the latter must therefore be epistemologically prior. Compare reductionism, atomism2[C20: from holo- + -ism]ho•lism (ˈhoʊ lɪz əm)
n. 1. the theory that whole entities have an existence other than as the mere sum of their parts. 2. an approach to healing or health care, often involving therapies outside the mainstream of medicine, in which isolated symptoms or conditions are considered secondary to one's total physical and psychological state. [< Greek hól(os) whole + -ism] ho′list, n. holismthe theory that whole entities, as fundamental components of reality, have an existence other than as the mere sum of their parts. Cf. organicism. — holist, n. — holistic, adj.See also: PhilosophyThesaurus| Noun | 1. | holism - the theory that the parts of any whole cannot exist and cannot be understood except in their relation to the whole; "holism holds that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts"; "holistic theory has been applied to ecology and language and mental states"holistic theorytheory - a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena; "theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested hypotheses"; "true in fact and theory"organicism - theory that the total organization of an organism rather than the functioning of individual organs is the determinant of life processesconfigurationism, Gestalt psychology - (psychology) a theory of psychology that emphasizes the importance of configurational propertiesatomist theory, atomistic theory, atomic theory, atomism - (chemistry) any theory in which all matter is composed of tiny discrete finite indivisible indestructible particles; "the ancient Greek philosophers Democritus and Epicurus held atomic theories of the universe" |
Translationsholism
holism1. any doctrine that a system may have properties over and above those of its parts and their organization 2. the treatment of any subject as a whole integrated system, esp, in medicine, the consideration of the complete person, physically and psychologically, in the treatment of a disease 3. Philosophy one of a number of methodological theses holding that the significance of the parts can only be understood in terms of their contribution to the significance of the whole and that the latter must therefore be epistemologically prior holism - any form of sociological theory which emphasizes the primacy of ‘social structure’, ‘social system’, etc., in determining social outcomes, and in sociological explanations. The opposite position is METHODOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALISM. As used by POPPER (1957), the term is mainly a pejorative one. see also SITUATIONAL LOGIC.
- in a more neutral sense, the tendency of sociology, in contrast with other more specialized social sciences, to maintain an all-inclusive view of social phenomena.
Holism an idealist philosophy of “wholes.” The term was introduced by J. Smuts in his Holism and Evolution (1926). According to holism, the world is governed by a process of creative evolution, or the process of creating new “wholes.” In the course of evolution, the forms of matter are transformed and renewed, never remaining constant; the holistic process rejects the law of conservation of matter. An unperceived, nonmaterial field, similar to Leibnitz’ monad, which remains constant throughout all of an organism’s changes, is considered to be the bearer of all organic attributes. The “whole” is interpreted in holism as the highest philosophical concept, which synthesizes in itself the objective and the subjective; it is considered to be the “last reality of the universe.” According to holism, the highest concrete form of organic “whole” is the human personality. Imparting a mystical character to the “factor of wholeness,” holism considers it to be nonmaterial and unknowable. Holistic ideas have been developed by A. Meyer-Abich in Germany and A. Leman in France. In modern Western literature the term is sometimes used to designate the principle of integrity. REFERENCESBogomolov, A. S. Ideia razvitiia v burzhuaznoi filosofii 19 i 20 vekov. Moscow, 1962.
Kremianskii, V. I. Strukturnye urovni zhivoi materii. Moscow, 1969.
Haldane, J. S. The Philosophical Basis of Biology. London, 1931.I. V. BLAUBERG holism[′hō‚liz·əm] (biology) The view that the whole of a complex system, such as a cell or organism, is functionally greater than the sum of its parts. Also known as organicism. holism
ho·lism (hō'lizm), 1. The principle that an organism, or one of its actions, is not equal to merely the sum of its parts but must be perceived or studied as a whole. 2. The approach to the study of a psychological phenomenon through the analysis of a phenomenon as a complete entity in itself. Compare: atomism. [G. holos, entire] holism (hō′lĭz′əm)n.1. The theory that living matter or reality is made up of organic or unified wholes that are greater than the simple sum of their parts.2. A holistic investigation or system of treatment.
ho′list n.holism Psychiatry An approach to the study of the individual in totality, rather than as an aggregate of separate physiologic, psychologic, and social characteristicsho·lism (hō'lizm) 1. Principle that an organism, or one of its actions, is not equal to merely the sum of its parts but must be perceived or studied as a whole. 2. The approach to the study of a psychological phenomenon through analysis as a complete entity in itself. [G. holos, entire]holism
Synonyms for holismnoun the theory that the parts of any whole cannot exist and cannot be understood except in their relation to the wholeSynonymsRelated Words- theory
- organicism
- configurationism
- Gestalt psychology
Antonyms- atomist theory
- atomistic theory
- atomic theory
- atomism
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