Guillaume Dupuytren

Dupuytren, Guillaume

Born Oct. 6, 1777, in Pierre-Buffière; died Feb. 8, 1835, in Paris. French surgeon. Member of the Paris Academy of Sciences (1825) and Medical Academy (1820).

Dupuytren began studying medicine at the age of 12 in Paris and at 16 became a dissector and began lecturing on anatomy. Beginning in 1815 he was chief surgeon of the Hotel Dieu hospital and simultaneously (from 1812) occupied the chair of clinical surgery in the medical faculty of the University of Paris. Dupuytren developed surgical procedures for various operations: resection of the lower jaw (performed for the first time in medical practice), subcutaneous transection of the sternocleidomastoid muscles, and ligation of large arteries. He described fractures of the tibia and radius and contracture of the palmar aponeurosis (Dupuytren’s contracture, Dupuytren’s fracture). He was one of the first to work out the problem of setting old dislocations. After Dupuytren’s death, the Paris municipality founded a museum, naming it after him.

WORKS

Leçons orales de clinique chirurgicale faites à l’Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, vols. 1-6. Paris, 1832-34.
Mémoires sur une manière nouvelle de pratiquer l’operation de la pierre. Paris, 1836.

REFERENCES

Diday, P. “Guillaume Dupuytren.” Lyon médical, 1879, vol. 30, pp. 253, 303.
“Memoir of Dupuytren.” Lancet, 1834-35, vol. 1, pp. 820-25.

Guillain-Barre' syndrome

Guillain-Barre´ syndrome

Acute inflammatory demyleinating polyradiculopathy Neurology A peripheral neuropathy of abrupt onset which follows a precipitating event–eg, a viral infection–eg, with HIV, HBV, EBV, or Camplyobacter jejuni, vaccination, bee stings, sarcoidosis, leukemia, lymphoma Clinical Rapidly ascending weakness of all 4 extremities with involvement of respiratory, facial, and bulbar muscles, with sparing of sphincter muscles Management Supportive, meticulous pulmonary hygiene, physical therapy, aggressive management of ulcers Prognosis Generally good with few sequelae in those who respond to therapy. See Polyneuropathy.

单词	guillaume dupuytren
释义	Guillaume Dupuytren Dupuytren, Guillaume Born Oct. 6, 1777, in Pierre-Buffière; died Feb. 8, 1835, in Paris. French surgeon. Member of the Paris Academy of Sciences (1825) and Medical Academy (1820). Dupuytren began studying medicine at the age of 12 in Paris and at 16 became a dissector and began lecturing on anatomy. Beginning in 1815 he was chief surgeon of the Hotel Dieu hospital and simultaneously (from 1812) occupied the chair of clinical surgery in the medical faculty of the University of Paris. Dupuytren developed surgical procedures for various operations: resection of the lower jaw (performed for the first time in medical practice), subcutaneous transection of the sternocleidomastoid muscles, and ligation of large arteries. He described fractures of the tibia and radius and contracture of the palmar aponeurosis (Dupuytren’s contracture, Dupuytren’s fracture). He was one of the first to work out the problem of setting old dislocations. After Dupuytren’s death, the Paris municipality founded a museum, naming it after him. WORKS Leçons orales de clinique chirurgicale faites à l’Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, vols. 1-6. Paris, 1832-34. Mémoires sur une manière nouvelle de pratiquer l’operation de la pierre. Paris, 1836. REFERENCES Diday, P. “Guillaume Dupuytren.” Lyon médical, 1879, vol. 30, pp. 253, 303. “Memoir of Dupuytren.” Lancet, 1834-35, vol. 1, pp. 820-25. Guillain-Barre' syndrome Guillain-Barre´ syndrome Acute inflammatory demyleinating polyradiculopathy Neurology A peripheral neuropathy of abrupt onset which follows a precipitating event–eg, a viral infection–eg, with HIV, HBV, EBV, or Camplyobacter jejuni, vaccination, bee stings, sarcoidosis, leukemia, lymphoma Clinical Rapidly ascending weakness of all 4 extremities with involvement of respiratory, facial, and bulbar muscles, with sparing of sphincter muscles Management Supportive, meticulous pulmonary hygiene, physical therapy, aggressive management of ulcers Prognosis Generally good with few sequelae in those who respond to therapy. See Polyneuropathy.
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