Heade, Martin Johnson

Heade, Martin Johnson

(hĕd), 1819–1904, American painter, b. Lumberville, Pa. He studied briefly with Edward HicksHicks, Edward,
1780–1849, American painter and preacher, b. Bucks co., Pa. A member of the Society of Friends, he became a noted back-country preacher in the conservative group of Quakers associated with his cousin Elias Hicks.
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 and in Europe, and later traveled in Central and South America. Heade is associated with American luminismluminism
, American art movement of the 19th cent. Luminism was an outgrowth of the Hudson River school. In its concern for capturing the effects of light and atmosphere it is sometimes linked to impressionism. Its practitioners included Frederick E.
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, particularly in his uniquely lit canvases of coming thunderstorms. He painted dramatic seascapes and landscapes of New England. In his nature studies, scientifically exact birds and plants are set against poetic backgrounds in eerie colors. His notable paintings include Orchids and Hummingbirds (Detroit Inst. of Arts) and Approaching Storm: Beach near Newport (Mus. of Fine Arts, Boston).

Bibliography

See T. E. Stebbins, Jr., The Life and Works of Martin Johnson Heade (1975, rev. ed. 1998).