Immune Serum

immune serum

[i′myün ‚sir·əm] (immunology) Blood serum obtained from an immunized individual and carrying antibodies.

Serum, Immune

a preparation made from animal or human blood and containing antibodies against the causative agents of infectious diseases or the products of the agents’ activity. Immune serum is used in serodiagnosis, seroprophylaxis, and serotherapy. In preparing immune serum, blood serum is taken from animals, human donors, or convalescents that have been immunized by specific antigens against a particular disease. The blood serum is processed in various ways, depending on the type of immune serum and its intended purpose: it is purified to remove neutral substances and isolate the active (chiefly globulin) protein fractions and is then concentrated.

The introduction of immune serum from animal blood into the human body may cause such complications as serum sickness and anaphylactic shock. These complications are almost never caused by concentrated immune serums from human blood, called gamma globulins, or, more precisely, immunoglobulins, since they retain the various globulin fractions. Such concentrated serums are retained in the body longer than other serums.

Immune serums may be therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic. The therapeutic and prophylactic serums are subdivided into antitoxic, antibacterial, and antiviral serums. Antitoxic serums combat the toxic metabolites of microbes; examples are antitetanic, antidiphtheric, and antigangrenous serums. The antitoxic serums also combat the aftereffects of the bites of poisonous snakes and insects. Antibacterial serums, such as antianthrax gamma globulin, combat microorganisms. Antiviral serums contain gamma globulins that provide immunity against measles and influenza; antirabies serum combats the effects of rabies. Diagnostic immune serums are made from different antigens, depending on the nature of the reaction for which they are used. They are used to identify the causative agents of infectious diseases and in experiments.

REFERENCES

Mnogotomnoe rukovodslvo po mikrobiologii, klinike i epidemiologii infektsionnykh boleznei, vol. 3. Leningrad [1964].
Prakticheskaia immunologiia. Moscow 1969.V. L. VASILEVSKIIImmune serums used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in animals are obtained from animals that have been immunized with chemically treated antigens. Such serums include antianthrax serum, Aujeszky’s disease serum, swine erysipelas serum, lamb dysenteric serum, trivalent serum against hemorrhagic septicemia, and antitoxic serums against salmonellosis and colibacillosis. Veterinary laboratories use diagnostic immune serums to identify the causative agents of such infectious diseases of animals as anthrax, brucellosis, salmonellosis, listeriosis, and leptospirosis.

REFERENCES

Biologicheskie i khimioterapevticheskie veterinarnye preparaty. Moscow, 1963.
Veterinarnoe zakonodatel’stvo, vol. 1. Moscow, 1972. Pages 612–30,

O. A. POLIAKOVA

immune serum

serum

[se´rum] (pl. serums, se´ra) (L.) the clear portion of any animal or plant fluid that remains after the solid elements have been separated out. The term usually refers to blood serum, the clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of the plasma that does not contain fibrinogen or blood cells, and remains fluid after clotting of blood. Blood serum from persons or animals whose bodies have built up antibodies is called antiserum or immune serum. Inoculation with such an antiserum provides temporary, or passive, immunity against the disease, and is used when a person has already been exposed to or has contracted the disease. Diseases in which passive immunization is sometimes used include diphtheria, tetanus, botulism, and gas gangrene.antilymphocyte serum (ALS) antiserum derived from animals that have been immunized against human lymphocytes, a powerful nonspecific immunosuppressive agent that causes destruction of circulating lymphocytes.antirabies serum antiserum obtained from the blood serum or plasma of animals immunized with vaccine" >rabies vaccine; used for postexposure prophylaxis against rabies if globulin" >rabies immune globulin is unavailable.blood grouping s's preparations containing particular antibodies against red cell antigens, used for blood typing. Those most commonly used are the anti-A and anti-B blood grouping serums used to determine ABO blood types and the anti-Rh blood grouping serums (anti-D, anti-C, anti-E, anti-c, and anti-e) used to determine Rh blood types.serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) see aspartate transaminase.serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) see alanine transaminase.immune serum antiserum.pooled serum the mixed serum from a number of individuals.serum sickness a hypersensitivity reaction following the administration of foreign serum or other antigens; it is marked by urticarial rashes, edema, adenitis, joint pains, high fever, and prostration. Reactions to antitoxin" >tetanus antitoxin derived from horse serum were especially common but are now rare owing to refinement of the antigenic components.serum sickness syndrome a serum sickness–like hypersensitivity reaction occurring after the administration of certain drugs. It is marked clinically by low-grade fever, urticaria, facial edema, pain and swelling of the joints, and lymphadenopathy, and occasionally may be associated with neuritis of the brachial plexus, guillain-barré syndrome, periarteritis nodosa, and nephritis.

an·ti·se·rum

(an'tē-sē'rŭm), Polyclonal serum that contains demonstrable antibody or antibodies specific for one (monovalent or specific antiserum) or more (polyvalent antiserum) antigens; may be prepared from the blood of animals inoculated with an antigenic material or from the blood of animals and people who have been stimulated by natural contact with an antigen (as in those who recover from an attack of disease). Synonym(s): immune serum

an·ti·se·rum

(an'tē-sēr'ŭm) Serum that contains antibody or antibodies specific for one or more antigens; may be prepared from the blood of animals inoculated with an antigenic material or from the blood of animals and people who have been stimulated by natural contact with an antigen (as by an attack of disease).
Synonym(s): immune serum.

单词	immune serum
释义	DictionarySeeantiserum Immune Serum immune serum [i′myün ‚sir·əm] (immunology) Blood serum obtained from an immunized individual and carrying antibodies. Serum, Immune a preparation made from animal or human blood and containing antibodies against the causative agents of infectious diseases or the products of the agents’ activity. Immune serum is used in serodiagnosis, seroprophylaxis, and serotherapy. In preparing immune serum, blood serum is taken from animals, human donors, or convalescents that have been immunized by specific antigens against a particular disease. The blood serum is processed in various ways, depending on the type of immune serum and its intended purpose: it is purified to remove neutral substances and isolate the active (chiefly globulin) protein fractions and is then concentrated. The introduction of immune serum from animal blood into the human body may cause such complications as serum sickness and anaphylactic shock. These complications are almost never caused by concentrated immune serums from human blood, called gamma globulins, or, more precisely, immunoglobulins, since they retain the various globulin fractions. Such concentrated serums are retained in the body longer than other serums. Immune serums may be therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic. The therapeutic and prophylactic serums are subdivided into antitoxic, antibacterial, and antiviral serums. Antitoxic serums combat the toxic metabolites of microbes; examples are antitetanic, antidiphtheric, and antigangrenous serums. The antitoxic serums also combat the aftereffects of the bites of poisonous snakes and insects. Antibacterial serums, such as antianthrax gamma globulin, combat microorganisms. Antiviral serums contain gamma globulins that provide immunity against measles and influenza; antirabies serum combats the effects of rabies. Diagnostic immune serums are made from different antigens, depending on the nature of the reaction for which they are used. They are used to identify the causative agents of infectious diseases and in experiments. REFERENCES Mnogotomnoe rukovodslvo po mikrobiologii, klinike i epidemiologii infektsionnykh boleznei, vol. 3. Leningrad [1964]. Prakticheskaia immunologiia. Moscow 1969.V. L. VASILEVSKIIImmune serums used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in animals are obtained from animals that have been immunized with chemically treated antigens. Such serums include antianthrax serum, Aujeszky’s disease serum, swine erysipelas serum, lamb dysenteric serum, trivalent serum against hemorrhagic septicemia, and antitoxic serums against salmonellosis and colibacillosis. Veterinary laboratories use diagnostic immune serums to identify the causative agents of such infectious diseases of animals as anthrax, brucellosis, salmonellosis, listeriosis, and leptospirosis. REFERENCES Biologicheskie i khimioterapevticheskie veterinarnye preparaty. Moscow, 1963. Veterinarnoe zakonodatel’stvo, vol. 1. Moscow, 1972. Pages 612–30, O. A. POLIAKOVA immune serum serum [se´rum] (pl. serums, se´ra) (L.) the clear portion of any animal or plant fluid that remains after the solid elements have been separated out. The term usually refers to blood serum, the clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of the plasma that does not contain fibrinogen or blood cells, and remains fluid after clotting of blood. Blood serum from persons or animals whose bodies have built up antibodies is called antiserum or immune serum. Inoculation with such an antiserum provides temporary, or passive, immunity against the disease, and is used when a person has already been exposed to or has contracted the disease. Diseases in which passive immunization is sometimes used include diphtheria, tetanus, botulism, and gas gangrene.antilymphocyte serum (ALS) antiserum derived from animals that have been immunized against human lymphocytes, a powerful nonspecific immunosuppressive agent that causes destruction of circulating lymphocytes.antirabies serum antiserum obtained from the blood serum or plasma of animals immunized with vaccine" >rabies vaccine; used for postexposure prophylaxis against rabies if globulin" >rabies immune globulin is unavailable.blood grouping s's preparations containing particular antibodies against red cell antigens, used for blood typing. Those most commonly used are the anti-A and anti-B blood grouping serums used to determine ABO blood types and the anti-Rh blood grouping serums (anti-D, anti-C, anti-E, anti-c, and anti-e) used to determine Rh blood types.serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) see aspartate transaminase.serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) see alanine transaminase.immune serum antiserum.pooled serum the mixed serum from a number of individuals.serum sickness a hypersensitivity reaction following the administration of foreign serum or other antigens; it is marked by urticarial rashes, edema, adenitis, joint pains, high fever, and prostration. Reactions to antitoxin" >tetanus antitoxin derived from horse serum were especially common but are now rare owing to refinement of the antigenic components.serum sickness syndrome a serum sickness–like hypersensitivity reaction occurring after the administration of certain drugs. It is marked clinically by low-grade fever, urticaria, facial edema, pain and swelling of the joints, and lymphadenopathy, and occasionally may be associated with neuritis of the brachial plexus, guillain-barré syndrome, periarteritis nodosa, and nephritis. an·ti·se·rum (an'tē-sē'rŭm), Polyclonal serum that contains demonstrable antibody or antibodies specific for one (monovalent or specific antiserum) or more (polyvalent antiserum) antigens; may be prepared from the blood of animals inoculated with an antigenic material or from the blood of animals and people who have been stimulated by natural contact with an antigen (as in those who recover from an attack of disease). Synonym(s): immune serum an·ti·se·rum (an'tē-sēr'ŭm) Serum that contains antibody or antibodies specific for one or more antigens; may be prepared from the blood of animals inoculated with an antigenic material or from the blood of animals and people who have been stimulated by natural contact with an antigen (as by an attack of disease). Synonym(s): immune serum. ThesaurusSeeserum
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