shall

modal verb

strongUK /ʃæl/

weakUK /ʃəl/

Shall is usually followed by an infinitive without ‘to’: I shall explain everything later. Sometimes it is used without a following infinitive: I have never visited America and probably never shall.

Shall does not change its form, so the third person singular form does not end in ‘-s’: The President shall appoint all ambassadors with the consent of the Senate.

Questions and negatives are formed without ‘do’: Shall I come with you?

The negative form shall not can be shortened in conversation or informal writing to shan’t.

Shall has no participles and no infinitive form. Shall can be used for forming the future tense of another verb when the subject is ‘I’ or ‘we’, but it does not have a future tense of its own: We shall see you tomorrow.

Should can sometimes be used as the past tense of shall, for example, in indirect speech introduced by a verb in the past tense: I hoped that I should not need to defend myself.

Shall have followed by a past participle forms the future perfect tense and shows that an action will be completed before a particular time in the future: We shall have completed the first section by Monday.

1
Britishused for saying what you intend to do in the future or what situation you expect to be in
I/we shall:
I shall be busy all day tomorrow.
If he gets violent, I shall phone the police.
We shan’t be able to stay with you very long.
I think I shall have to postpone our little chat.
Over the next ten years we shall spend £25 billion on the health service.
shall have:
By nightfall we shall have achieved our objectives.
Synonyms and related words
Modal verbs
can
cannot
could
Usage note
In forming the future tense shall is only used with the subject ‘I’ or ‘we’. Will or its short form ’ll is much more common with all subjects. Both verbs are used to express intentions, but will also expresses willingness: I’ll come with you if you like.
2
used in questions
1. 2a
  used for offering help, suggesting something, or asking someone what they would like you to do
  shall I/we...?:
  Shall we have some lunch?
  Shall I help you with your luggage?
  Shall I open the champagne?
  Where shall we meet?
  Synonyms and related words
  Ways of making a suggestion
  perhaps
  maybe
  may
  Synonyms and related words
  Ways of offering something or offering to do something
  would you like...?
  let
  shall
2. 2b
  used for asking for advice when you cannot decide what to do
  what shall I/we...?:
  What shall we do? We can’t stay here all night.
  how shall I/we...?:
  How shall we manage while you are away?
  Synonyms and related words
  To ask for, or to receive advice
  consult
  turn to
  sound out
3
formalused for emphasizing that you are determined that something will definitely happen
You shall receive all the money that is owed to you.
We will go to a quiet place and no one shall disturb us.
Synonyms and related words
Modal verbs
can
cannot
could
4
legalused in instructions and legal documents for saying that something must be done
The Court shall have authority to demand the presence of witnesses.
Synonyms and related words
Modal verbs
can
cannot
could

单词	shall
释义	shall modal verb strongUK /ʃæl/ weakUK /ʃəl/ Other entries for this word shall I/we say phrase who shall remain nameless phrase never the twain shall meet phrase how shall I put it?/let me put it this way phrase DEFINITIONS4 Shall is usually followed by an infinitive without ‘to’: I shall explain everything later. Sometimes it is used without a following infinitive: I have never visited America and probably never shall. Shall does not change its form, so the third person singular form does not end in ‘-s’: The President shall appoint all ambassadors with the consent of the Senate. Questions and negatives are formed without ‘do’: Shall I come with you? The negative form shall not can be shortened in conversation or informal writing to shan’t. Shall has no participles and no infinitive form. Shall can be used for forming the future tense of another verb when the subject is ‘I’ or ‘we’, but it does not have a future tense of its own: We shall see you tomorrow. Should can sometimes be used as the past tense of shall, for example, in indirect speech introduced by a verb in the past tense: I hoped that I should not need to defend myself. Shall have followed by a past participle forms the future perfect tense and shows that an action will be completed before a particular time in the future: We shall have completed the first section by Monday. 1 Britishused for saying what you intend to do in the future or what situation you expect to be in I/we shall: I shall be busy all day tomorrow. If he gets violent, I shall phone the police. We shan’t be able to stay with you very long. I think I shall have to postpone our little chat. Over the next ten years we shall spend £25 billion on the health service. shall have: By nightfall we shall have achieved our objectives. Synonyms and related words Modal verbs can cannot could Usage note In forming the future tense shall is only used with the subject ‘I’ or ‘we’. Will or its short form ’ll is much more common with all subjects. Both verbs are used to express intentions, but will also expresses willingness: I’ll come with you if you like. 2 used in questions 2a used for offering help, suggesting something, or asking someone what they would like you to do shall I/we...?: Shall we have some lunch? Shall I help you with your luggage? Shall I open the champagne? Where shall we meet? Synonyms and related words Ways of making a suggestion perhaps maybe may Synonyms and related words Ways of offering something or offering to do something would you like...? let shall 2b used for asking for advice when you cannot decide what to do what shall I/we...?: What shall we do? We can’t stay here all night. how shall I/we...?: How shall we manage while you are away? Synonyms and related words To ask for, or to receive advice consult turn to sound out 3 formalused for emphasizing that you are determined that something will definitely happen You shall receive all the money that is owed to you. We will go to a quiet place and no one shall disturb us. Synonyms and related words Modal verbs can cannot could 4 legalused in instructions and legal documents for saying that something must be done The Court shall have authority to demand the presence of witnesses. Synonyms and related words Modal verbs can cannot could shall modal verb strongUS /ʃæl/ weakUS /ʃəl/ Other entries for this word shall I/we say phrase who shall remain nameless phrase never the twain shall meet phrase how shall I put it?/let me put it this way phrase DEFINITIONS4 Shall is usually followed by an infinitive without “to”: I shall explain everything later. Sometimes it is used without a following infinitive: I have never visited Africa and probably never shall. Shall does not change its form, so the third person singular form does not end in “-s”: The President shall appoint all ambassadors with the consent of the Senate. Questions and negatives are formed without “do”: Shall I come with you? The negative form shall not can be shortened in conversation or informal writing to shan’t, especially in British English. Shall has no participles and no infinitive form. In British English, shall can be used for forming the future tense of another verb when the subject is “I” or “we,” but it does not have a future tense of its own: We shall see you tomorrow. Should can sometimes be used as the past tense of shall, for example, in indirect speech introduced by a verb in the past tense: I hoped that I should not need to defend myself. 1 used in questions 1a used for offering help, suggesting something, or asking someone what they would like you to do shall I/we...?: Shall we have some lunch? Shall I help you with your luggage? Where shall we meet? Shall I open the champagne? Synonyms and related words Ways of making a suggestion perhaps maybe may Synonyms and related words Ways of offering something or offering to do something would you like...? let shall 1b used for asking for advice when you cannot decide what to do what shall I/we...?: What shall we do? We can’t stay here all night. Synonyms and related words To ask for, or to receive advice consult turn to sound out 2 Britishused for saying what you intend to do in the future or what situation you expect to be in I/we shall: I shall be busy all day tomorrow. If he gets violent, I shall call the police. shall have: By nightfall we shall have achieved our objectives. Synonyms and related words Modal verbs can cannot could 3 legalused in instructions and legal documents for saying that something must be done The Court shall have authority to demand the presence of witnesses. Synonyms and related words Modal verbs can cannot could 4 formalused for emphasizing that you are determined that something will definitely happen You shall receive all the money that is owed to you. Synonyms and related words Modal verbs can cannot could
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