| 单词 | hardens | 
| 释义 | hard1 of 2adjective   ˈhärd     harder; hardest    1   a     : not easily penetrated : not easily yielding to pressure  hard surfaces  an uncomfortably hard chair    b    of cheese   : not capable of being spread : very firm   2   a(1)    of wine or beer   : having a bitter or acidic taste    (2)     : having a high concentration of alcohol  hard spirits like vodka and whiskey    b    of beverages   : containing alcohol  hard seltzer/lemonade/cider    c     : characterized by the presence of salts (as of calcium or magnesium) that prevent soap from lathering  hard water   3   a     : of or relating to radiation of relatively high penetrating power : having high energy  hard X-rays    b     : having or producing relatively great photographic contrast  a hard negative   4   a     : metallic as distinct from paper  hard money    b    of currency   : convertible into gold : stable in value    c     : usable as currency  paid in hard cash    d    of currency   : readily acceptable in international trade    e     : being high and unlikely to change  hard prices   5   a     : firmly and closely twisted  hard yarns    b    of fabrics   : having a smooth close napless finish  a hard worsted   6   a     : physically fit  in good hard condition    b     : resistant to stress or disease : hardy  a hard plant    c     : free of weakness : unyielding  a man of hard unbending will   7   a(1)     : firm, definite  reached a hard agreement    (2)     : not speculative or conjectural : factual  hard evidence    (3)     : important or informative rather than sensational or entertaining  hard news    (4)     : expressed in a clear and decisive way : leaving no doubt  Offers to install an electric door opener at her own expense were met with a hard no from the garage landlords, whose old-fashioned sensibilities dictated that their tenants use multiple manual locks to secure the space.—  The editor [Gene Policinski] said he told Ashe that "USA Today does not print unconfirmed stories from unattributed sources, but in the absence of a hard denial, or confirmation, the information seemed credible and we would continue to pursue the story."—     see also hard pass   b     : close, searching  gave a hard look    c     : free from sentimentality or illusion : realistic  good hard sense    d     : unlikely to respond in a kind or sympathetic way : unfeeling  a hard heart   8   a(1)     : difficult to bear or endure  hard luck  hard times    (2)     : oppressive, inequitable  sales taxes are hard on the poor  a hard restriction    b(1)     : lacking consideration, compassion, or gentleness : callous  a hard greedy landlord    (2)     : incapable of being corrected or disciplined : tough, unruly  a hard gang    c(1)     : harsh, severe, or offensive in tendency or effect  said some hard things    (2)     : marked by resentment  hard feelings    (3)     : strict, unrelenting  drives a hard bargain    d     : inflicting physical discomfort or hardship : inclement  hard winter    e(1)     : intense in force, manner, or degree  hard blows    (2)     : demanding the exertion of energy : calling for stamina and endurance  hard work    (3)     : performing or carrying on with great energy, intensity, or persistence  a hard worker    f     : most unyielding or thoroughgoing  the hard political right   9   a     : characterized by sharp or harsh outline, rigid execution, and stiff drawing  hard forms    b     : sharply defined : stark  hard shadows    c     : lacking in shading, delicacy, or resonance  hard singing tones    d     : sounding as in candy and geese respectively  —used of c and g  the word arc is pronounced with a hard c    e     : suggestive of toughness or insensitivity  hard eyes   10   a(1)     : difficult to accomplish or resolve : troublesome  hard problems  The true story was hard to come by.    (2)     : difficult to comprehend or explain  a hard concept    b     : having difficulty in doing something  hard of hearing    c     : difficult to magnetize or demagnetize   11    : being at once addictive and gravely detrimental to health  such hard drugs as heroin   12    : resistant to biodegradation  hard detergents  hard pesticides such as DDT   13    : being, schooled in, or using the methods of the natural sciences and especially of the physical sciences  a hard scientist   14   of money   : contributed (as by individuals or political action committees) directly to a particular candidate or campaign   hard 2 of 2adverb1   a     : with great or utmost effort or energy : strenuously  were hard at work    b     : in a violent manner : fiercely  hit the ball hard  The wind was blowing hard.    c     : to the full extent  —usually used in nautical directions  steer hard aport    d     : to an immoderate degree  been drinking hard lately    e     : in a searching, close, or concentrated manner  stared hard at me   2   a     : in such a manner as to cause hardship, difficulty, or pain  The economic downturn has hit the poor especially hard.    b     : with rancor, bitterness, or grief  took the defeat hard   3    : in a firm manner : tightly  hold on hard   4    : to the point of hardness  frozen hard   5    : close in time or space  stands hard by the river   hardens verb1  as in freezes   to become physically firm or solid the glue begins to harden as soon as it is exposed to air   Synonyms & Similar Words Relevance     
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 2  as in strengthens   to make able to withstand physical hardship, strain, or exposure pioneer women who had been hardened by years of living on the plains   Synonyms & Similar Words 
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 3  as in toughens   to increase the ability of (as a muscle) to exert physical force arm muscles that were hardened by all the years of casting and hauling his fishing nets   Synonyms & Similar Words 
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 4  as in stiffens   to make more harsh, uncompromising, or severe the government hardened restrictions on travel to and from the war-torn nation   Synonyms & Similar Words 
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