eigenvalue
noun
ei·gen·val·ue ˈī-gən-ˌval-(ˌ)yü 
: a scalar associated with a given linear transformation of a vector space and having the property that there is some nonzero vector which when multiplied by the scalar is equal to the vector obtained by letting the transformation operate on the vector
especially : a root of the characteristic equation of a matrix
Example Sentences
Recent Examples on the Web Time and again, regardless of their specific characteristics, the random matrices are found to exhibit that same chaotic yet regular pattern in the distribution of their eigenvalues. 
Quanta Magazine, 5 Feb. 2013 The pattern involved a second layer of numbers called eigenvalues, which are like the DNA of a matrix. Quanta Magazine, 6 May 2019 By contrast, the Tracy-Widom curve appears to arise from variables that are strongly correlated, such as interacting species, stock prices and matrix eigenvalues. Natalie Wolchover, WIRED, 27 Oct. 2014
Quanta Magazine, 5 Feb. 2013 The pattern involved a second layer of numbers called eigenvalues, which are like the DNA of a matrix. Quanta Magazine, 6 May 2019 By contrast, the Tracy-Widom curve appears to arise from variables that are strongly correlated, such as interacting species, stock prices and matrix eigenvalues. Natalie Wolchover, WIRED, 27 Oct. 2014 Word History
Etymology
partial translation of German Eigenwert, from eigen own, peculiar + Wert value
First Known Use
1927, in the meaning defined above